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Kansas 2007 Five Percent Report

This report is in response to the Federal requirement that each state describe at least 5 percent of its locations currently exhibiting the most severe highway safety needs, in accordance with Sections 148(c)(1)(D) and 148(g)(3)(A), of Title 23, United States Code. Each state's report is to include potential remedies to the hazardous locations identified; estimated costs of the remedies; and impediments to implementation of the remedies other than costs. The reports included on this web site represent a variety of methods utilized and various degrees of road coverage. Therefore, this report cannot be compared with the other reports included on this Web site.

Protection from Discovery and Admission into Evidence—Under 23 U.S.C. 148(g)(4) information collected or compiled for any purpose directly relating to this report shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports.

Additional information, including the specific legislative requirements, can be found in the guidance provided by the Federal Highway Administration,
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/fiveguidance.htm.


5-Percent Report:

Introduction:

SAFETEA-LU created the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) as a core Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) program, replacing the Hazard Elimination Program effective October 2005. The purpose of the HSIP is to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As part of the new HSIP, Kansas is required to submit an annual report describing not less than 5 percent of our highway locations exhibiting the most severe safety needs. The intent of this provision is to raise the public awareness of the highway safety needs and challenges in Kansas and all states. The report must also contain a discussion of potential remedies to the hazardous locations identified based on any combination of the "4Es", including engineering, enforcement, education, and emergency medical services.

DISCOVERY AND ADMISSION INTO EVIDENCE: Section 148(g)(4) stipulates that data compiled or collected in the preparation of the "5 percent reports", or related reports published or made available to the public by USDOT, "...shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in an action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in such reports..." The information is also protected by Section 409 of Title 23 USC (discovery and admission as evidence of certain reports and surveys).

Data:

The method used in Kansas to identify our most severe safety needs is based on fatality and serious injury crash rates per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (MVMT) and utilizes a tool developed internally called High Accident Locating System or HALS. Our report is currently limited to the State Highway System, which includes about 10,000 miles out of a total of 140,000 miles of public roads in the state. We are unable to compile off-system data in a manner similar to that shown above as it is nearly impossible to define a linear referencing system for every public road. Instead, we are currently working toward geo-spatially mapping all crashes on public roads based on lat-long coordinates. Once available, our method to identify our most severe safety needs off-system will be based on frequencies of fatalities and serious injuries (e.g. clusters on GIS or other maps, locations above a certain value, etc.) We should be able to begin some degree of reporting by 2009.

Analysis:

The current report is based on fatal and serious injury crashes during the five-year period 2002-2006. The High Accident Location System (HALS) was developed in order to facilitate the task of locating those roadway segments on the Kansas State Highway System that are experiencing an inordinate number of automobile accidents.

This is accomplished by first categorizing each roadway segment, based upon its Lane Class, Functional Class, and Access Control Class. We then calculate an average accident rate for each classification of roadway, based upon the number of centerline miles of roadway in the state, the number of accidents that occurred within the 5-year analysis period, and the number of vehicle miles driven. Having established an average accident rate for each roadway classification, we then calculate a "critical accident rate", which is approximately two standard deviations above the mean accident rate for each roadway classification.

Next, we break down each roadway segment in the state into very small (no larger than .3 centerline miles), overlapping analysis segments. Finally, we calculate the accident rate for each of these analysis segments, and identify each segment where the accident rate is greater than the critical accident rate calculated above. System output is Microsoft Access Reports, and Microsoft Access Tables containing Location Reference System (LRS) keys, suitable for use by Cartography in the creation of maps showing the location of roadway analysis segments that have excessive accident rates. Approximately five percent of the state highway system is represented in the table shown in the attachments.

In addition to the calculation of statewide accident rates, and the identification of high accident analysis segments, HALS.mdb also incorporates ad hoc accident rate reporting functionality, which enables the user to easily restrict reporting to only certain roadways, counties, dates, accident types, times of day; etc., based upon roadway and accident factors chosen at runtime. We intend to take advantage of these capabilities in future reporting.

Results:

The result of our analysis is presented in the attached table. The table is sorted by county, route, and reference point. For instance, in Atchison County a 0.4 mile section of K-116 beginning at about reference point 9.8 has been found to be critical based on two severe crashes in five years that resulted in two fatalities, two disabling injuries, and two non-incapacitating injuries. Keep in mind the "Accident" column only includes those crashes identified as serious injury or greater. The sections shown in this table represent about five percent of the State Highway System. Maps locating each of these sections both statewide and for our two major metropolitan areas are included as supplemental information only.

Remedies:

The transportation system is designed to help vehicles operate both efficiently and safely. That's why safety continues to be a key criteria in the current Priority Formulas used to select projects for the Comprehensive Transportation Program and any future highway program. However, because safety is so intertwined with nearly all aspects of transportation, it is sometimes difficult to identify and measure risks precisely-and even more difficult to develop a priority formula that addresses every single safety issue that may arise. In addition to the Major Modification and Priority Bridge Programs determined by the Priority Formulas, several other smaller programs have been developed to address a specific safety focus such as corridor management, guardrail, intelligent transportation systems, and geometric improvements. And as reported in the HSIP Report, federal safety funds are used to fund projects specific to lighting, pavement markings, signing, railroad crossings, intersections, and off-system rural roads. Whether constructing a new highway on a new alignment, or replacing a sign, safety is at the core of everything we do.

Transportation safety officials summarize the goal of safety with the "4Es": Enforcement, Education, Emergency Medical Services, and Engineering. Two sample programs that demonstrate KDOT's commitment to safety follow:

Behavioral: Enforcement, Education, and Emergency Medical Services:

Highway Safety Program:

Kansas uses federal highway safety funds on a number of behavioral safety projects, with special emphasis on impaired driving and occupant protection-two of our emphasis areas in the SHSP. The program is based on a complete and detailed problem analysis prior to the selection of projects. A broad spectrum of agencies at the federal, state, local levels and special interest groups are involved in project selection and implementation. Analysis is performed on statewide data including vehicle, driver, roadway and crashes; surveys include observational, knowledge, attitude, offender and opinion. Results of data analysis are used to formulate the priority emphasis areas to be addressed in the state.

One hundred fifty projects statewide cover occupant protection, impaired driving, alcohol public information, youth leadership, sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols, traffic enforcement training, driver education, and safe driving education. Although the larger populated areas of Kansas present the most exposure to problems involving crashes, the less populated areas exhibit a need for improving their problem locations. On average, 75 percent of fatalities occur in rural areas of the state. The statewide projects listed in the plan utilize their resources in combating this problem. Some of the larger projects include: Impaired Driving Deterrence Program (IDDP), Special Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP), national mobilizations of Buckle Up America/Click it or Ticket (CIOT) and Over the Limit, Under Arrest

Engineering:

Road Safety Audits:

In an attempt to provide a more comprehensive and thorough review, and to immediately attend to locations which may require safety improvements, the Bureau of Traffic Engineering began conducting countywide road safety audits (RSA). A Kansas RSA is a proactive and thorough process to complete a traffic study of the State Highway System county by county. The purpose of the RSA is to give KDOT an effective and powerful tool to actively recognize and immediately attend to locations which may need safety improvements. Activities include crash analysis, field review, local consult, data collection, and reporting. A well managed RSA program can have many positive effects:

Locations identified as part of this report will be forwarded to the Bureau of Traffic Engineering for further review as part of the RSA process.

Contact Information:

For more detailed information on this report and any of the programs referenced, please contact:

Steven A. Buckley, P.E.
Highway Safety Engineer
Bureau of Traffic Engineering
Kansas Dept of Transportation
700 SW Harrison St., 6th Floor
Topeka, Kansas 66603
785-296-1148
Buckley@ksdot.org

State Highway System High Accident Locations for 2002 thru 2006
Fatal and Severe Injury Accidents Only

County Route Number County Reference Point Miles Persons Involved Accidents
Begin End Killed Disabled Injured *
AllenU547.2957.3450.050133
U5418.9119.310.40053
U5421.5121.810.31033
U5424.18724.3870.20112
U593.6964.1960.50032
K20200.60.60011
AndersonU1699.87210.1720.30133
U16912.27712.7770.50155
U5919.13919.5390.40155
U16922.59222.9920.41113
U16926.69226.9920.30033
U16929.64629.9460.31124
AtchisonK1169.80910.2090.42222
K11612.79712.8970.10011
K11616.43416.6340.20022
K717.4517.950.51032
U1598.4169.0160.60123
U738.7458.9450.20212
U5910.65611.0560.40324
U5914.07514.2250.150043
U5915.04415.1940.150166
U5915.48815.6380.1501116
U5915.86415.9640.10053
U15925.50726.0070.50022
BarberK21.31.80.50022
K23.2923.7920.50302
K211.1711.370.20112
U16024.81925.0190.20302
U28125.2725.2780.0080121
U28137.05137.4510.41012
BartonK45.96.40.50303
K49.889.980.10011
K9610.65611.0560.41034
K9613.52213.6220.10122
K9613.6313.730.11053
K9614.1214.270.150062
K422.42422.9240.50122
U2815.225.620.40344
U28110.27210.5720.30043
U5611.14811.2720.1241313
U28112.3312.530.20133
U5613.25213.3020.0502129
U5615.51415.5640.050043
U28116.98117.0590.0780032
U28117.14417.3440.20043
U28119.88820.1880.30122
BourbonK30.81.30.50011
K73.093.190.10011
K654.24.80.60111
K74.695.190.50112
K318.4738.7730.30022
K78.69.10.50022
K659.79310.2930.52201
K312.44312.5430.11011
K322.55623.0560.51051
K324.45625.0560.60021
K327.06527.6650.61001
K730.23631.3361.10234
U540.6070.7070.10022
U541.3371.7370.41323
U542.1382.3380.20022
U694.8625.3620.51303
U546.1266.3260.20112
U696.3096.8090.51012
U699.0679.1170.050033
U699.6279.6910.0640156
U6911.24711.3970.150044
U5419.65820.1580.50053
BrownK200.91.30.40082
K209.6819.9810.30213
U753.2033.7030.50413
U756.8037.1030.30093
U739.3369.4360.10112
U7310.6611.160.50784
U3614.11114.3110.21112
U7316.96117.2610.30233
U7519.68220.1820.50153
U7333.51233.870.3580195
ButlerK2540.7670.9670.20143
K2540.9671.2670.31354
K2540.9671.2670.30345
K1771.11.60.51303
K2544.6295.0450.4161054
K2547.7577.9570.214139
K2547.8577.9570.10212
K2547.9578.0570.10212
K2547.9578.2570.313127
K2548.9579.3570.41333
K25410.12510.3250.21102
K25414.35914.4590.10123
K25414.86714.9670.10075
K25415.31115.4110.10188
K25415.31115.4110.10257
K25415.51215.6120.100139
K25416.21716.3170.10166
K25416.45416.7040.25041613
U5400.0050.0050154
U5400.0050.0050122
U540.9230.9730.050123
U540.9730.9820.0090144
U544.8855.2850.41053
U545.96.20.30133
U5413.81614.3160.52002
U5417.19117.470.2790044
U5417.19117.2910.10111
U40018.53518.9350.40134
U5426.8726.970.10044
U40030.28830.7880.51053
U7732.24232.3790.137001210
U7732.77532.8750.10065
U5436.1636.560.40043
U5437.1637.660.50163
ChaseK1770.71.20.50112
K1776.3466.6960.350133
K17723.97524.0750.10011
ChautauquaK991.21.650.450112
K991.6691.7690.10011
K994.474.970.50022
U1660.610.40522
U16619.68420.0840.41212
CherokeeK2600.40.40123
K660.6560.8560.20022
K263.5533.6010.0481145
K719.43119.5310.10022
K719.72620.0260.30033
U6900.30.30123
U691.7011.8010.10053
U4003.7924.2920.51044
U1604.3344.5340.21012
U4008.2768.6760.41145
U6910.97111.2710.30175
U6912.28112.4810.20112
U6912.7612.860.10022
U16012.78312.9830.20053
U40013.16813.4680.30323
U16617.83218.2320.40123
U16620.5620.860.301118
U16623.8624.260.40044
U6928.3228.720.40445
U40034.43434.6340.20052
U40038.52739.0270.5081215
U40040.29440.7940.50133
CheyenneK2731.632.10.50032
K2737.70637.8060.10011
ClarkU1604.835.030.20101
U545.4755.6490.1740433
U545.8676.0670.21012
U1607.137.530.40312
U1839.63710.2370.60022
U16011.61111.7110.10101
U16029.630.10.51233
ClayK1500.0620.0620111
K90.3180.3620.0440201
K93.3943.6940.30122
U248.1358.6350.50202
U2413.47813.5780.10122
CloudK288.48.90.50232
K917.71217.8120.10011
K920.46220.6120.150134
K928.94829.2480.30022
U813.8114.0110.20312
U8110.03610.5360.50032
U8118.04518.0950.050074
U8120.83721.0370.20222
U2426.94427.4440.50022
CoffeyU752.8223.0220.20132
U7511.33511.5350.20133
U7515.23815.3460.1080022
U7521.43921.5390.11132
U7522.23922.7390.50055
ComancheU1601.920.10101
CowleyK1500.70.71012
K3601.5711.5790.0080011
K151.72.60.90042
K1511.8211.920.10011
K1521.16721.6670.50053
K1522.36722.8670.50112
K1554.69754.9970.30054
U1602.12.90.8001310
U772.672.770.10022
U773.1413.1910.050042
U773.6383.6880.051023
U774.624.720.10043
U776.0926.3920.302127
U1606.3866.8860.50154
U1608.4188.5180.10032
U778.5328.7630.2313123
U1609.1019.1510.050043
U16010.41110.5110.10043
U7712.01512.5150.50084
U16015.72916.0290.30052
U7717.88817.9880.10097
U7718.30418.3540.050145
U7718.58818.6380.050044
U16619.0319.530.50123
U16632.25432.5540.30022
U16032.44732.620.1730101
CrawfordK14600.20.20011
K33.3253.7250.40133
K1466.4646.5640.10401
K78.9849.0840.10022
K717.25217.6520.41102
K12620.04920.1630.1140375
K12621.88921.9890.10155
K12622.33722.4370.10044
K12623.10323.2030.10087
U6900.10.10043
U690.0980.1980.10144
U691.0551.2050.15011511
U691.3181.5650.247021313
U691.852.350.51658
U692.7482.8480.10523
U692.9763.1260.150143
U694.154.30.1502108
U695.3015.3510.050032
U695.3515.4180.0670143
U695.8945.9940.10043
U698.5858.6350.052214
U698.6488.6980.050085
U699.699.6950.0050031
U6910.64710.6970.050052
U6912.22212.4220.20022
U6913.35914.1590.80389
U6914.78915.0890.31465
U6915.90316.0030.10042
DecaturU8317.15317.4550.3020213
U8318.30718.3610.0540011
DickinsonI7014.90815.2080.30063
I7020.16320.6630.50175
K4300.10.10011
K21811.10.10221
K455.70.70325
K47.98.10.20011
K4310.811.40.60011
K4315.315.50.20011
K416.9317.0170.0870022
K1817.66918.2690.61223
K4318.72119.0210.30022
K1818.95719.2570.30032
K4320.61820.7180.10011
K422.75323.3530.60033
K1522.88223.0320.150364
K1527.42827.7280.34002
K1531.65831.9580.31112
K1532.15832.4580.31012
K1533.22433.4240.21212
U5600.40.40022
U777.7998.1340.3350032
DoniphanK2000.40.40011
K2380.6730.8230.150312
K1201.7591.8590.10011
K1203.8334.0330.20031
DouglasK1000.10.10055
K105.5695.6690.11054
K1010.18810.2880.100109
K1010.50610.6560.15011813
K1010.95611.1440.188022422
K1011.28411.4340.15001312
K1011.92312.1230.2022416
K1012.45512.7050.25012620
K1012.95813.0080.050333
K1013.9114.0210.1111166
K1014.27114.4210.150033
K1014.5714.9480.3780133
K1014.64814.9480.30133
K1015.24815.6480.40123
K1015.54815.9480.40053
K1016.15316.5530.40365
K1016.75317.2530.50123
K1017.75318.2530.52114
K1019.19419.2940.10032
K1020.35220.5520.20123
K1020.7121.4760.7660178
U4000.30.30033
U561.520.50123
U241.6171.8170.20223
U401.732.030.30033
U402.633.230.61246
U592.8433.3430.50257
U403.934.330.40223
U243.9414.1910.25171311
U244.4414.5910.150275
U245.9736.3730.41087
U566.16.40.31012
U406.336.930.60076
U246.4166.5160.10312
U596.4436.8430.41245
U407.57.90.40043
U408.590.50033
U5612.28112.7810.5361215
U5912.59612.6460.050022
U5912.7412.840.10175
U4013.54613.5540.0080064
U5913.65113.7510.10344
U5913.75114.0010.25011111
U4013.93414.0340.1002417
U5914.22314.3230.100179
U4014.29714.3470.050185
U5914.72414.7740.051176
U4014.73514.8350.101119
U4015.05215.1520.1031511
U5915.20315.3030.100109
U5915.45315.6030.15022414
U4015.57215.6720.1021912
U5915.66316.0130.35003426
U4015.69715.7970.1021414
U5916.25416.3040.050456
U4016.69316.7930.112108
U5616.97317.1240.1510043
U5619.32419.7240.40224
ElkK996.797.090.30032
K9915.25115.7510.50133
K9918.82619.3260.50022
U1601.61.90.31102
U1609.6969.9960.31112
U16013.67913.7790.11102
U16019.24519.5430.2981012
U16026.36626.6660.30212
U16028.20628.7060.50112
U16029.50629.8060.30022
EllisI702.9653.2650.30022
I7010.96611.4660.50032
I7017.91618.4160.51243
I7021.95422.4540.50043
I7026.47127.0710.62332
I7028.47128.7710.30042
I7030.40930.7090.30232
U1830.9571.1070.150123
U18312.02212.0720.050064
U18312.21412.3140.10097
U18313.02313.1230.10033
U18313.02313.1230.101106
U18313.43913.5450.1060234
U18313.49513.5450.050022
U18313.69513.8450.150033
U18313.69513.7950.10033
U18313.86513.9150.050022
U18313.91514.0310.1160043
U18314.03114.0770.0460042
U18316.93117.2310.30133
U18320.83120.9310.10052
EllsworthI700.10.60.50032
I701.7413.5411.804129
I702.8413.4410.60123
I703.8414.1410.30022
I704.2414.9660.7251085
I707.3667.8660.50112
I709.66610.0660.40112
I7012.86613.3660.50043
I7016.03216.5320.50043
I7016.23216.5320.30112
I7016.63216.9450.31300103
I7017.14517.6450.50022
I7018.34519.1450.81314
I7019.44519.8450.40212
I7021.37421.8740.51043
I7021.47422.0740.60213
K1400.4060.7950.3890543
K1111.5831.8830.30101
K2321.7532.0530.30212
K1112.1832.6830.50101
K42.3392.7390.40112
K44.5255.0250.50323
K1565.2365.7360.51354
K14010.8110.20022
K14111.211.30.11101
K1411.40611.8060.40022
K14013.73114.2310.51012
K15613.98714.1870.20132
K1415.1815.3960.2161044
K1417.30317.7030.40112
FinneyK1560.7010.7510.050094
K1561.3321.4820.150287
K1562.6812.8970.2160054
K1563.8974.3970.50152
K15630.1930.490.30042
K15636.96537.1650.21022
U500.9821.0320.050033
U501.82.10.30123
U501.9832.0830.10054
U502.8262.9760.151043
U503.5033.6030.10145
U504.784.930.150053
U505.7836.2830.51475
U5010.68511.1850.50076
U8313.66113.9610.30123
U5018.83618.9860.153076
FordK940.91.40.50011
U547.57.80.30233
U508.5328.6820.150313
U509.8329.9820.150133
U5011.22311.3730.150085
U5011.70411.8540.151356
U5011.99812.0480.050153
U5012.09812.2480.150033
U5612.11612.2660.151012
U5013.1313.2680.1380143
U5014.16814.3180.150022
U5614.48114.6310.151134
U5614.78114.9310.151524
U5615.58815.5960.0080133
U5018.13718.3370.21022
U5027.83728.3370.53423
FranklinI3517.49517.9950.50313
K332.83.30.50163
K682.8972.9970.10132
K3344.3550.3550042
K684.4384.7380.31123
K336.3896.4050.0160101
K686.4386.8380.41464
K6811.84312.2430.40255
K6815.50515.7050.20473
K6815.80516.3050.50264
K6819.53519.7350.20022
K6823.33623.5360.20322
U1691.11.30.20043
U5933.10.10022
U597.1947.3090.1150064
U597.4257.5050.080022
U5913.44313.5930.150065
GearyI702.332.930.60365
I705.6375.8370.20123
I708.3748.4820.1080022
I709.4859.5350.050112
I709.4859.5350.050112
I7010.38910.4390.050032
I7012.73913.1390.40174
I7013.36813.4680.10022
I7016.72817.2280.50223
K2440.60.80.20011
K1770.9351.1350.20022
K1571.8362.3360.50101
K1774.6355.4350.81054
K184.6774.8770.20222
K574.9495.0490.10011
K1775.9356.4350.50144
K1776.5357.0350.51022
K578.1478.2540.1070086
K1778.8359.1350.30022
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