Michigan 2008 Five Percent Report
This report is in response to the Federal requirement that each state describe at least 5 percent of its locations currently exhibiting the most severe highway safety needs, in accordance with Sections 148(c)(1)(D) and 148(g)(3)(A), of Title 23, United States Code. Each state's report is to include potential remedies to the hazardous locations identified; estimated costs of the remedies; and impediments to implementation of the remedies other than costs. The reports included on this web site represent a variety of methods utilized and various degrees of road coverage. Therefore, this report cannot be compared with the other reports included on this Web site.
Protection from Discovery and Admission into Evidence—Under 23 U.S.C. 148(g)(4) information collected or compiled for any purpose directly relating to this report shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports. |
Additional information, including the specific legislative requirements, can be found in the guidance provided by the Federal Highway Administration,
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/guides/guide040506.cfm.
Michigan 5% Report Methodology 2008 - per Section 148 (c)(1)(D) of SAFETEA-LU
Introduction
This report methodology is prepared by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), to report on all public roads in the state. The methodology is based on the guidance offered in the April 10, 2006 FHWA 5% Reporting Guidance Document and the subsequent HSIP related web conference held June 20, 2006.
In Michigan, there are approximately 122,000 miles of public roads, of which 92 percent are under local jurisdiction. MDOT does not have any current methodology to conduct statewide surveillance of the road network that includes local roads. As MDOT does not have jurisdiction over local roads, it has not been our practice to develop a statewide list of "hazardous" locations due to the availability of resources to address locations of concern, and the competing priorities of local units of government.
MDOT is in the process of developing new system surveillance tools which will allow review of the entire statewide network. For the purposes of this report a method was developed to make best use of the available information with the objective to identify intersections and segments with the "most severe safety needs".
In Michigan a statewide GIS referencing system is utilized on which all crashes, on all roads, are referenced to. We have good crash data, located such that we can conduct a statewide analysis to determine the most "hazardous" locations. Michigan crash data contains information on the severity of the crash, whether it is a fatal injury (K), incapacitating injury (A), non-incapacitating injury (B), possible injury (C) or property damage (O) crash. We have information on the number of injuries by severity, if any, suffered by all parties involved in a crash.
MDOT does not have accurate traffic volume data for all roads statewide, thus other exposure measures needed to be considered.
Methodology
Crashes were divided into intersection related crashes and segment crashes. Intersection crashes are identified as a focus area in the Michigan Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP). For future reporting, segment crashes could be broken down into subcategories such as lane departure, another focus in the Michigan SHSP. The Michigan SHSP also identifies pedestrian and bicycle crashes as a focus area. The method used for this years report, identified pedestrian crashes as a concern at a number of locations.
Our preference would have been to develop an "index" or some type of ranking tool that would include at least three factors: crash frequency, crash severity, and crash rate based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT). As noted, we do not have the luxury of statewide VMT data, by route, so MDOT has elected to proceed with the available data. The locations that were identified in this method resulted in analysis of data available from crash reports only.
For this years report, Michigan has elected to use K and A incidents to measure safety needs. Rather than have a measure of exposure, we are using a density of crashes per intersection or per one mile segment. Our approach is to develop a combined score for a location (intersection or segment) based on the frequency of K and A crashes and the economic "loss" of K's and A's at a location.
The methodology to identify roadway segments with safety concerns was constrained to examining locations where crashes were reported and located. Unlocated crashes are not included in this analysis. Currently in Michigan this is a relatively small number.
Locations: Intersections
For intersections, statewide crash data for the years 2005-2007 were used. A database containing crashes located within 150 feet of an intersection was created.
The score for an intersection was determined as follows:
The total number of K and A crashes at an intersection was established. Every intersection statewide with at least two reported K or A crashes was included in the analysis. It was felt that locations with a single K or A crash were truly random and were excluded from the analysis. Locations were ranked, in descending order (the worst ranked 1), by the total number of K and A crashes at the location.
To establish a measure for "loss" the number of fatalities and/or A injuries were used. A straight weighting scheme was used where an assigned dollar value for loss for K's and a value for A's was used (2006 values from the National Safety Council website). The number of K's was in turn multiplied by that dollar loss and the number of A's by its respective loss value. The two computed values were added. The value for the variable loss was then ranked with the greatest loss being ranked 1.
Each time a variable was ranked, those locations having the same number of crashes (or alternately the same value for "loss") were all assigned the low ranking value. For example, if intersection locations 3 through 6 had seven crashes, each location would be ranked 3. The next rank assigned would be 7.
A score was assigned to each location and was equal to the sum of the rank for frequency plus the rank for loss. The lower the value of score the "more severe" the location.
Examination of a histogram of the variable score showed that score was not "normally" distributed. Taking the natural log of the variable score allows one to determine the geometric mean, geometric standard deviation and confidence intervals from a "log normal" distribution.
Taking the 99% confidence interval (the mean minus 3 standard deviations) gives the 37 "most severe" locations in the state. Rather than taking 5% of 37 locations we chose to include them all in this report. Two locations were dropped as they were repeats of other locations listed. A third location was dropped due to crashes not belonging to that intersection - they located to an intersection on the list immediately adjacent. A fourth location was dropped as it was a freeway overpass - a "virtual" intersection. Thus, for this year's report 33 intersection locations were included.
Locations: Segments
2003-2007 statewide crash data was used for the segment analysis for all roads.
A study file consisting of crashes indicated as "mid-block" or "interchange" was created for this portion of the analysis. The approach was to accumulate crashes by reference segment number to determine the number of crashes per mile. A score was determined and analyzed for each segment, as described above for intersections.
Once a combined list of segments for local agency and MDOT/trunkline crashes was developed it became evident that interchange crashes heavily weighted the list towards trunkline locations. This being the case, we opted to create two separate databases. The first included trunkline locations only. A second included local locations. From these databases we developed our "most severe" segment locations.
Local Segment Locations:
Taking the 99% confidence interval (the mean minus 3 standard deviations) gives the 31 "most severe" local locations in the state. The mean minus a fourth standard deviation gives only 6 locations. To balance the time required to visit locations in the field with having a reasonable number of locations we chose to look at the top 20 locations.
MDOT Segment Locations:
Taking the 99% confidence interval (the mean minus 3 standard deviations) gives the 37 "most severe" trunkline locations in the state. The mean minus a fourth standard deviation gives 19 locations. Again, in an effort to balance time with having a reasonable number of locations we chose to analyze the 19 locations. One segment was dropped due to a high number of mislocated crashes. This left 18 trunkline segment locations in the report.
Following the creation of the list of locations of interest, cursory field reviews were conducted. A number of issues arose in the course of the field review portion of the study. This discussion is presented in the "Issues" section of this report.
It should be noted that presently we do not have a good means to approach the segment analysis. The establishment of segment lengths is somewhat arbitrary and is an artifact of our referencing system. We are looking at ways to improve our segment analysis.
Issues
Our approach to this exercise was to not constrain this analysis any more than necessary. For a number of the locations identified, no correctable crash pattern was identified. Our approach was designed to identify locations that have poor safety performance, not necessarily those with poor safety performance that can be fixed in terms of engineering fixes, or behavioral treatments. A future approach might include focusing on finding locations with correctable crash patterns such as lane departure crashes.
At some of the locations identified in our methodology the safety treatments have already been applied. It was determined that finding every location statewide that has already had treatments applied and filtering them out is too timely a task to undertake. For now they remain a part of the report.
In many cases a potential treatment at a signalized location is to install a box span signal display. It is now standard in Michigan to install box spans at trunkline intersections where the signal span is to be upgraded. Also, on-going signal optimization projects on all trunklines (to be completed within five years) may mitigate some of the crashes at signalized locations.
Michigan's crash data base system is in good condition. A new system completed in 2004 has a number of features which will allow for the continuous improvement of data quality and accuracy.
Michigan is working to better integrate existing traffic safety databases, and extend the coverage to the entire network. Discussions are under way for the planning of this action. Of primary importance will be the development of plans to collect, or access ADT/VMT data. While many local agencies collect traffic count information in some form, there are no standards in place for collecting and adjusting count information.
We will continue to improve our method of determining our 5%. More work is required on the fundamental approach, and conducting sensitivity analysis. Our application of this methodology suggests that it is sensitive, but consistently yields locations with safety problems.
Contact person
Tracie J. Leix, P.E.
MDOT Operations - Safety Programs Unit
517.373.8950
LeixT@michigan.gov
Michigan 2008 5% Report
Locations Exhibiting the Most Severe Safety Needs
| Location | Jurisdiction | Potential Remedies | Estimated Costs | Implementation Impediments | Comments | Crash and Injury Data | Human Factors Involvement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K/A Crash Pattern | Total Severe Crashes | A Injuries | Fatalities | Alcohol and/ or Drugs | NO Seatbelt and/ or Helmet Use* | Speed** | ||||||
| Conrad Rd & US-12 | MDOT - Coloma TSC | Intersection warning signs, dual 48" stop signs, overhead flashing beacons or ground mounted flashing beacons, rumble strips | $38,000 to $53,000 | Flashing beacons may not meet warrants. | Angle | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Gratiot Ave (M-3) & Mount Elliott St | MDOT - Detroit TSC | Enforcement; Headed-up lefts on Mt. Elliot and left-turn phasing; No Turn On Red; Close drives; Box span | $100,000 | Funding/personnel issues with enforcment; Signal may not meet warrants; utility issues with box span; political issues with closing existing drives for existing businesses | Ped/Bike | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Springwells St & Chamberlain St | City of Detroit | Install crash attenuators on both ends of the bridghe piers. Install single level flashers (yellow for Springwells and red for Chamberlain). Construct concrete median island along Springwells between the bridge piers and extend the median island on North side to prevent vehicles making illegal left turn into Chamberlain. | $250,000 | Limited right of way and no additional right of way is available. All improvements should be done within existing ROW. | Rail road bridge requires maintenance. | FXOBJ/Ped | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| S Beech Daly Rd & Michigan Ave (US-12) | MDOT - Taylor TSC | Signal Upgrade to Box Span with Pedestrian countdowns, Enforcement | $100,000 | None | Currently in design, letting date of Sept. 2008, JN 88073 | None | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hill Rd & Elms Rd | Genesee County | Remove trees in NE quadrant. Redesign pavement markings on Elms Road for better alignment. | $10,000 | None | The overhead beacon flasher has not had the desired effect to improve safety at this intersection. | Angle | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Gotfredson Rd & Plymouth Rd | Washtenaw County | Increase the size of stop and stop ahead signs. Install reflective sheeting on sign posts. Install additional cross street does not stop on the far side of the intersection. Install ground mounted flashing beacons with stop sign. Install multi-way stop. Install traffic signal. | $600,000 | Multi-way stop and signalization may not meet warrants. | Additional Stop signs, stop ahead signs, overhead flashing beacon, and cross street does not stop signs were installed in 2006. We are continually monitoring this intersection with respect to these improvements. Total injury and frequency of crashes has been reduced. If crashes continue additional remedies will be implemented as described in potential remedies. | Angle | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Deerfoot Rd (M-123) & M-28 | MDOT - Newberry TSC | 1) Replace overhead beacon with lights on stationary signs. 2) Upgrade cross traffic does not stop signs. 3) Construct an offset intersection. 4) Create a signalized intersection. 5) Construct new roadway with horizontal and vertical curve corrections. 6) Construct a roundabout. | 1) $40,000 2) $1,000 3) $2,500,000 4) $150,000 5) $5,000,000 6)$1,500,00 | 1) None. 2) None. 3) Purchase property. 4) Location may not meet warrants. 5) Purchase of property. 6) Purchase of property. Public acceptance of round-about on rural 55 mph. | Vehicles appear to stop at the intersection and then continue into the path of cross-traffic. Remidies in the past have included: transverse rumble strips, double stop ahead signs, double stop signs, cross traffic does not stop signs, radius improvement, and relocated utility pole. Crash experience has been low since the last work has been performed. TSC will continue to monitor the location for any changes. | Angle | 6 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Inkster Rd & Michigan Ave (US-12) (Blvd) | MDOT - Taylor TSC | Signal Upgrade to Box Span with Pedestrian countdowns, Enforcement | $100,000 | None | Currently in design, letting date of Sept. 2008, JN 88073 | None | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chippewa Hwy (US-31) & 8 Mile Rd | MDOT - Cadillac TSC | Upgrade and replace all intersection signing, provide reflective sheeting on sign posts, provide an intersection flashing beacon, provide transverse rumble strips on stop controlled approaches and clear brush from clear vision corners. | $45,000-$71,000 | May not meet warrants for a flashing beacon. | Right turn deceleration lanes and a center left turn lane are to be constructed at this intersection in 2011. | Angle | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| S US 31 (Blvd) & Riley St | MDOT - Grand Rapids TSC | None | 2007 Corridor Retiming (JN 88087) completed. | Angle | 5 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Dequindre Rd & E 11 Mile Rd & 11 Mile Rd | Macomb County | Driveway | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Consolidated Rail Corporation & Livernois Ave (near Toledo) | City of Detroit | 1) Construct concrete median along Livernois between the bridge piers to prevent vehicles hitting bridge piers. 2) Construct curb on both sides of Livernois curb lanes and improve drainage for preventing accumualtion of water and ice under the bridge. 3) Construct full width sidewalks on both sides to provide pedestrian friendly enviornment and to prevent growth of weeds. 3) Improve lighting under the bridge for safety enhanacement and provide pedestrian friendly enviornment. | $250,000 | None | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| E Davison St & Van Dyke St (M-53) | MDOT - Detroit TSC | Target arrow facing EB traffic; Newer/bigger STOP sign; STOP AHEAD sign on EB Davison | $2,500 | This section of Davison is under the jurisdiction of the City of Detroit, and they needs to be responsible for all potential remedies except the target arrow. | None | 4 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Haslett Rd & Perry Rd (M-52) | MDOT - Lansing TSC | Reflectors on signs posts, rumble strips and dual stop signs | $5,000- $10,000 | Need County permission to install rumbles. | RE-LT/Angle | 4 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Swan Creek Rd & S Fordney Rd | Saginaw County | 1) Add "Cross Traffic Does Not Stop" on the back of the signs on opposite side of intersection. 2) Control access points to the commercial establishment at S.E. quadrant. 3) Install overhead flashing beacons 4) Double up the "Stop Ahead" signs 5) Add Street Name Placard to warning signs 6) Utilize higher reflectivity sheeting for warning signs. 7) Provide larger sight triangle for higher visibility on approaching roadways. | $30,000 | Overuse of signs could create false sense of security at other similar yet unwarranted intersections throughout county. Commericial business may oppose access being reduced to businiess establishment. Limited right of way at corner prevents the use of large sight triangle clearing options. | Overhead flashing beacons along with supplemental warning signs were recently installed (Fall 2007) at this intersection as a result of an HRRR project. It is expected that this potential remedy will improve intersection safety. | Angle | 4 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Phoenix Rd & County Road 687 | Van Buren County | Cut vertical curve to west of the intersection. Provide headed up left turns, improve through and right turn lanes at the intersection with installation of a overhead flashing beacon. Improved traffic signage, misc. drainage improvements, new HMA overlay and new pavement markings. | $415,000 | The proximity of the cemetary on the south side of the roadway will inhibit the overall cut on the vertical curve. | Angle | 3 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Pigeon Rd (M-142) & Pinnebog Rd | MDOT - Cass City TSC | Add additional "Cross Traffic Does Not Stop" signs. Remove the overhead flashing beacon and replace it with ground mounted flashers. | $500 for the signs and pavement markings. $24,000 for the possible signal work. | The signal work will require MDOT signal unit approval. | "Cross Traffic Does Not Stop" signs are to be installed. A request to remove the overhead flashing beacon and replace it with ground mounted flashers has been made. | Angle | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Silver Lake Rd & Zimmerman Rd | Grand Traverse County | Left turn phasing for all legs. | $300,000 | Applied for grant in 2008. | HD-LT | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| E Lake Lansing Rd & I 69 BL | MDOT - Lansing TSC | Run traffic operation model to see if MDOT can close median. | $10,000-$25,000 | Possible operational issues. | Angle | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Swan Creek Rd & S Hemlock Rd | Saginaw County | 1) Add "Cross Traffic Does Not Stop" on the back of the signs on opposite side of intersection. 2) Install overhead flashing beacons 3) Double up the "Stop Ahead" signs 4) Add Street Name Placard to warning signs 5) Utilize higher reflectivity sheeting for warning signs. 6) Install vertical reflectivity sheets to stop sign posts. | $15,000 | Overuse of signs could create false sense of security at other similar yet unwarranted intersections throughout county. | Overhead flashing beacons along with supplemental warning signs were recently installed (Spring 2008) at this intersection as a result of an HRRR project. It is expected that this potential remedy will improve intersection safety. | Angle | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Elmhurst St & Dexter Ave (Offset) | City of Detroit | Traffic signal at this location was modernized in 2007 along with new pavement markings and ADA curb ramps. City is expecting reduction in crashes at this location. No safety enhancement is proposed for this location at this time. | None | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Grand Blanc Rd & Duffield Rd | Genesee County | Vertical mounted flashing beacons for stop signs and warning signs. Monitor vegetation and remove. Reflective strips on stop sign posts and warning sign posts. | $30,000 | Interested in the vertical stop beacon and warning beacon installation for this intersection. Reflective strips for sign posts can be installed now by GCRC staff. | Angle | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| S Lapeer Rd (M-24) & Pratt Rd | MDOT - Davison TSC | Protected Left Turn Signal | $80,000 | HD-LT crash frequency does not meet warrants | None | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Harper Ave & Elizabeth St | Macomb County/City of St Clair Shores | Angle | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| Van Born Rd & Beech Daly Rd | City of Dearborn Heights/Taylor/Wayne County | Lengthen the all red interval for both N-S and E-W phases. | Less than $200, could be absorbed by maintenance activities. | None | Left turn ped crash in fog,wet pavement at night. One angle crash with dark signals (power outage). Continue to monitor crash frequencies. | Angle | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Monroe Rd & Ecorse Rd | City of Taylor/Wayne County | Left turn phasing for EB-WB and NB-SB directions. | $100,000 | None | City of Taylor used CMAC funds to install 4-way left turn phasing in 2008. | None | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| W 5th St (M-21) & Ann Arbor St | MDOT - Davison TSC | Signal Ahead Signing- Possible "Prepare to Stop When Flashing" device. | $25,000 | Approval from Lansing Signals required. | Advanced curve warning sign, divided hwy sign, keep right and chevron signs installed 3/21/07. A work order is being written to install a signal ahead sign. Will monitor and pursue beacon and 'be prepared to stop' signing if crashes do not improve. | FXOBJ | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| W 9 Mile Rd & Lahser Rd | Oakland County | Modernization of Traffic Signal to include 4-Way Flashing Yellow Arrow Left Turn and Box Span design. | N/A - Previously Installed with a Signal Modernization Project with RCOC funds. Installation completed on 4/24/2006. | Fatalities(2) that occurred on 01/23/06 was the result of a vehicle fleeing the Police. RCOC will continue to monitor this location. | None | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Sibley Rd & Middlebelt Rd | Wayne County | Lengthen the all red interval for both N-S and E-W phases. | Less than $200, could be absorbed by maintenance activities | None | Fatal crash occurred on wet pavement in rain. | Angle | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hammond Rd W & N Garfield Rd | Grand Traverse County | Left turn phasing installed 7/1/2008. | Angle | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| E Borland Ave & VanDyke Rd & S Cedar St (M-53) | MDOT - Davison TSC | Access Management to consolidate driveways and create service drive. | $750,000 | Business Owners may not be receptive. | Angle | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dequindre Rd & 8 Mile Rd (M-102) | MDOT - Detroit TSC | Enforcement | Funding/personnel issues with enforcement. | None | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Eureka Rd & Wayne Rd/Wahrman Rd | Wayne County | No discernible remedy. | N/A | N/A | Proposed road project will relocate intersection 1/4 mile east. | None | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| WB I-96 Local - 1700' W Schaefer Hwy to 1300' W Greenfield | MDOT - Detroit TSC | Slope flattening | $100,000 | None | FXOBJ | 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| WB I-94 - 120' E M-10 to 540' W Linwood off Ramp | MDOT - Detroit TSC | Rumble strips in shoulder; Education; Enforcement | $250,000 for rumble strips | A major reconstruction project is in the study phase for I-94 (I-96 to Conner) which is to provide and 8-lane freeway with full shoulders and continuous service drives. | FXOBJ/Ped | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| WB I-96 - WB I-95/NB I-275 Merge to 6 Mile Rd off Ramp | MDOT - Taylor TSC | Place guardrail to protect abutments for both NB (left and right) and SB piers (to include existing truss). | $50,000 | None | Will be added to the current Median Cable Barrier safety project for this section, to be constructed in 2009. JN 87946. | FXOBJ/SS-SM | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| 28th St - 1030' W Kalamazoo Ave SE to 1130' W Breton Rd SE | MDOT - Grand Rapids TSC | 2008 Corridor Retiming (JN 101124). Separate traffic and peds via shared use path. Access Management. Add additional thru lanes. | Unknown | Available ROW, property access, Utility concerns |
Access management study has been completed, and is being utilized as construction/permit projects allow. | Bike/HD-ON/RE-ST | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| WB I-94 - 240' W of W Grand Blvd to Livernois Ave | MDOT - Detroit TSC | Rumble strips in shoulder; Education; Enforcement | $250,000 for rumble strips. | Funding/personnel issues with education and enforcement. | FXOBJ | 7 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| Dort Hwy - 430' N Hemphill Rd to Elms Dr | MDOT - Davison TSC | Non-motorized path. | $1,200,000 | Possible ROW constraints. | Ped | 9 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | |
| NB I-75 - 2030' N Bristol Rd to 250' N Miller Rd | MDOT - Davison TSC | Two chain reaction crashes. A resurfacing project took place in 2007 in the area of concern. | FXOBJ | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| M-40 - 2260' N 143rd Ave to 130' S 64th St | MDOT - Kalamazoo TSC | 1) Construct service road from truck stop to Interchange Drive along with installing new traffic signal at M-40 and Interchange Drive. 2) Move CAT scales to better facilitate keeping semis in truck stop (Coordinate new semi movements with new signing and pavement marking). 3) Apply a bridge treatment to increase friction on overpass. 4) Install hatching in southbound center left turn lane at southbound I-196 entrance and exit ramps. 5) Install rumble strips along shoulders. 6) Install hatching in the shoulder areas in curb and gutter section. | 1) $500,000 for the intersection (City of Holland to pay for service road) 2) $100,000 3) $55,000 4) $2,500 5) $2,500 6) $8,000 |
Local businesses are concerned if the shoulders are "blocked off" that people will not use them as "turn lanes" which will impede traffic flow and increase the perceived traffic problems | 1) Working with the City of Holland on this potential remedy. 4) This remedy is still being evaluated for its benefits. (Biggest concern: How many left turners are there onto 64th Avenue?) 5/6) This remedy is still being evaluated for its benefits. (Biggest concern: Number of businesses in the area so would the traffic choosing not to use the shoulder as a "turn lane" impede traffic flow.). | HD-ON | 7 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| SB US-131 - 240' S Grandville Ave to 650' S Franklin St | MDOT - Grand Rapids TSC | 2008 Corridor Retiming (JN 101124). Add additional thru lanes. | Unknown | Available ROW, Utility concerns |
Access management study has been completed, and is being utilized as construction/permit projects allow. | FXOBJ | 12 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| M-150 - 125' N Hickory Lawn to 130' N Montmorency | MDOT - Oakland TSC | Implementation of access management stategies. | Unknown | None | Potential for further growth in this area the with current configuration being 5-lanes in a heavily commercialized area. Recent new installation of a signal for 2 large developments. | Driveway | 12 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| SB I-75 - 1030' S Big Beaver Rd exit to 80' E Livernois Ave | MDOT - Oakland TSC | Placement of a speed advisory warning system. | $825,000 | None | 90 degree curve with speed advisory signing with concrete barrier and guardrail. Geometry limited due to existing development. | FXOBJ | 10 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| WB I-94 - 140' S 10 Mile exit ramp to 460' N 9 Mile exit ramp | MDOT - Macomb TSC | The concentration of fixed‑object type crashes in this section of I‑94 are the results of standing water in the roadway. Drivers are losing control of their vehicles and striking the median barrier wall due to hydroplaning. We have corrected the standing water through this and other sections of I‑94 by reconstructing the outside lane and the inside & outside shoulders to provide positive drainage into the new valley gutter. We will continue to monitor this location to ensure these type of crashes have been reduced by the reconstruction. | FXOBJ | 10 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |||
| EB I-696 - Bermuda/Mohawk Rd to I-75 mainline | MDOT - Oakland TSC | Congestion mitigation. | Unknown | None | 4-5 lane section for EB I-696 highest ADT in state with 205,000 vehicles; weaving movements with I-75 interchange; this is a depressed freeway section | RE-ST | 10 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| NB US-131 - 1 Mile E Pine Island Dr to 500' S Post Dr | MDOT - Grand Rapids TSC | Add 3rd NB lane from W. River Dr. to 10 Mile | Unknown |
Existing structure widths (over/under). |
2007 Full Reconstruct (JN 50758). | OVTN/RE-ST | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| SB US-131 - 750' N of Park St to 1990' S I-96 (EB) off ramp | MDOT - Grand Rapids TSC | 2005 Reconstruct, added additional lane. | SS-SM | 9 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Grosbeck Hwy - 820' N 10 Mile Rd to 11 Mile Rd (I-696 SD) | MDOT - Macomb TSC | Reduce M‑97 to two lanes of traffic in each direction and construct a boulevard section with crossovers, Retime the signals on M‑97 corridor to provide better progression to avoid the frequency of stop‑and‑go conditions. Relocate utilities from overhead to underground. | $26,000,000 | Right of way | To further guard public safety it is recommended to implement access management strategies by consolidating commercial driveways. | RE-ST/HD-ON | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| SB US-31 - 850' N Shettler Rd to 350' S I-96 on ramp | MDOT - Muskegon TSC | Short Term: Remove two trees and the relocation of two signs. Long Term: Possible freeway tower lighting and the reconstruction and reconfiguration of the existing interchange. |
Long Term: $50,000,000 | Long Term: ROW, Property Access and Ulitilites | Trees have been removed and the signs have been scheduled for relocation. | Lane Departure | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| S 11th St - 470' S Fulkerson Rd to 600' S Bell Rd | MDOT - Coloma TSC | Enforcement, Access Management Study, Construct a Boulevard | $3,000 for Access Management Study | Availability of enforcement personnel, Planning constraints for access management, Public acceptance of boulevard | Driveway | 9 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vernor Hwy - Waterman St to Lansing St | City of Detroit | 1) Create bump out to reduce crossing width for pedestrians and facilitate on-street parking. 2) Provide mid-block crossings at critical locations (locations generating large number of pedestrians traffic) supplemented with ped-actuated crossing signals and pedestrian crossing signs. | $350,000 | Limited right of way and no additional right of way is available. All improvements should be done within existing ROW. | Ped/Bike | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Romeo Plank Rd - 1400' S Hall Rd to 300' N Millstone Dr | Macomb County | Lane Departure | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| Greenfield Rd - 725' S Acacia St to 200' N Keeler St | Wayne County | Education programs for both pedestrians and drivers. | Unknown | Determining audience; Achieving widespread participation | Diverse crash types at varied locations makes remedies vague | None | 10 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Alden Hwy - 520' E Grass River Natural Area Rd to 2770' E Comfort Rd | Antrim County | Improve the alignment of the roadway | N/A | Environmental constraints prevent changes in alignment. | Additional signs have been provided. | FXOBJ | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Vreeland Rd - Maywood Ave to 590' W Hoover Ave | Wayne County | Installation of crossing gates ordered by MDOT and completed by railroad agency | $120,000 | None | MDOT DSTR held on 3-27-06 and Confirming Order issued on 5-9-06 for installation of 3/4 road gates. Wayne County and MDOT Rail Safety to monitor crashes. | TRAIN | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Bristol Rd - Carmanwood Dr to 150' W Grand Traverse St (I-475 Ramp) | Genesee County/City of Burton | Improve pedestrian facilities along Bristol Road. A study would have to be conducted. Possibilities could be a midblock crossing and a pedestrian sancutuary-median. | $40,000 | GCRC does not install or maintain sidewalks. Project would need to be coordinated with City of Burton and Flint Twp. | Ped | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| South I-94 Service Drive - Waters Edge Ln to Dewitt Ave | Wayne County | Installation of street lights and/or sidewalks. | Unknown | Local community issue. | Roadway has rural appearance with increasing volumes. | None | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Hayes Rd - 350' N Stadler Rd to 1650' S Canal Rd | Macomb County | None | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||||
| Andersonville Rd - 1/2 Mile S Big Lake Rd to 3/4 NW Edgar Rd | Oakland County | Upgrade advance curve warning signs to fluorescent yellow (Type IX Sheeting). Install target arrows and chevrons (Type IX Sheeting) in the curve. Install raised pavement markers on the centerline. Relocate a "Do Not Pass" so it doesn't block sight to the curve sign. | $5,000 for upgrading, installation, and relocation of signs. $1,750 for installation of Centerline Raised Pavement Markers. | RCOC will implement the potential signing remedies immediately with our own work forces and include the RPMs in our annual maintenance contract for work by contractor. This will be done with RCOC funds because of the relatively low cost. | Potential remedies should improve awareness and visibility of the curve and centerline of the road. Of the 5 crashes at this location resulting in 2 Fatalities and 7 Type A injuries, both Fatal and one of the Type A crashes involved drinking. | Lane Departure | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Gratiot Rd - 23 Mile Rd to Bates Rd | Macomb County | AN-DR | 5 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | ||||
| Keefer Hwy - 1/2 Mile N Clarksville Rd to 1/2 Mile N Knox Rd | Ionia County | Upgrade existing 4' aggregate shoulders to 6' HMA; Flatten existing 1 on 3 non-recoverable front slope to recoverable 1 on 4; Remove existing fixed objects within ROW including trees, rocks and other ojects. | $925,000 | Predominate land use along corridor is agricultural, and thus, most of the land has been cleared of all trees except in front of a minimal number of residential homes. One home is a Michigan Centennial Farm within with mature trees along property frontage. | An upgrade would cover this remaining three mile section of proposed All-Season roadway connecting state route M-43 to the south and Interstate I-96 to the north. Four miles of the corridor has been contructed in 2000 and 2005. This remaining three miles has not been identified for improvements in the RTF's four year plan and is not expected to be identified for some time. | FXOBJ | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dodge Rd - 450' W Dosh Rd to 1950' W Henderson Rd | Genesee County | Improve clear zone area and culverts installations. Widen shoulders. | $20,000 | FXOBJ | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Broadway Rd - 1900' E Krull Rd to 250' W Roberts Rd | St Joseph County | Tree removal | Land Owner Approval | All accidents of type A or Greater were attributed to either Medical Conditions or Alcohol Involvement. | FXOBJ | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
| Lessiter Rd - Dream Isle Dr NE to 1/2 Mile N Jenks Rd NE | Kent County | Install fluorescent yellow curve (W1-5) signs, large arrow (W1-6), and chevrons (W1-8) signs. Remove trees. | Signs - $2000 Tree removal -$ 5000 | Trees - The public dislikes tree removal and some may be on private property. | FXOBJ | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Metro Pkwy - 1240' W Prentiss St to 900' W N Pointe Pkwy | Macomb County | Crashes are East/Westbound | Lane Departure | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Metro Pkwy - 750' W Moravian Dr to 500' E Capper Dr | Macomb County | Crashes are East/Westbound | Lane Departure | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Maple Island Dr - 330' S Eavanston Ave to Creekside Dr | Muskegon County | 1) Upgrade to high intensity flourescent signs. 2) Install flashing beacons with sign upgrade and black backplates for east/westbound directions. | 1) $1,200 2) $45,000 | Flashing beacon may not meet warrants. | 2 each 36" stop ahead and stop signs placed following 2006 MCRC study, flashing beacon did not meet warrants in 2006. | None | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Wadhams Rd - 300' S WB I-69 Ramps to 300' N River Rd | St Clair County | Add a dedicated left center turn lane to the existing roadway and remove the existing super elevated curve within the project. The roadway will be widened from four, 12 foot lanes to five, twelve foot lanes with all necessary ancillary work to match existing commercial driveways and drainage. Included as part of this work will be: remove existing pavement including concrete curb & gutter and storm sewer, re-grade curve to remove super elevation, place new aggregate drainage course, new edge drain, new aggregate base course, new storm sewer, new concrete curb & gutter and new HMA pavement. Finally all commercial driveways will be re-graded to match the new roadway and paved with reinforced concrete as well as turf restoration along all frontages. | $2,439,000 (projected 2012 dollars) | Also, this is an established commercial strip. There will be a significant disruption to the businesses during construction. | The description and cost for this project is for the portion of Wadhams Road from 300' S of WB I-69 Ramps to Lapeer Road (approximately 0.51 mile) only. The portion from Lapeer Road to North River Road is to be widened to five lanes in 2009-2010 as part of the bridge replacement project of the Wadhams Road bridge over the Black River. | Driveway | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| N Federal Rd - 1/2 Mile N/S Yankee Rd | Montcalm County | 1. Place emphasis on snow/ice control. 2. Construct right turn lane. |
1. None (within county) 2. $120,000.00 |
1. None 2. Possible ROW acquisition, warranting right turn lane to dirt road (Cutler Rd) |
Two Crashes were weather related (icy roads). One was a motorcycle rear-ending right turning car. | HD-ON | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alden Nash Ave SE - 440' N Cascade Rd to 430' N 36th St | Kent County | Install fluorescent yellow curve (W1-2) signs, large arrow (W1-6), and chevrons (W1-8) signs. | Signs - $3500 | None | None | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Additional Notes:
*ALL drivers or passengers regardless of injury were reported when not wearing a seatbelt or helmet (motorcycle crashes). Use for remaining drivers and passengers could be listed as yes, unknown or not applicable.
**Speed related crashes involve vehicles whose hazardous action was listed at "Speed too fast" or when the description indicated a driver was speeding.
