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Intersection Safety Implementation Plan Process
July 2009
Downloadable Version
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Table of Contents
Overview
Step 1: Set the Intersection Crash Reduction Goal
Step 2: Expand the Current Approach for Achieving the Crash Reduction Goal
Traditional Approach
Systematic Approach
Comprehensive Approach
Step 3: Identify Intersection Countermeasure Types to be Considered
Countermeasure Descriptions
Systematic Approach
Comprehensive Approach
Traditional Approach
Selecting Countermeasures
Step 4: Analyze Crash and Applicable Roadway Data
The Data Analysis Process
Separate Intersection Crashes into Sub-Groups
Determine Target Crash Types
Calculate Average Crash Costs and Crash Severities
Determine Distribution of Crash Densities
Prepare Data Analysis Package
Data Problems and Solutions
Data Quality
Data Availability
Exposure and Rates
Intersections with Multiple Countermeasures
Step 5: Develop a Straw Man Outline
Establish Threshold Crash Levels
Develop Detailed Straw Man Tables for Each Countermeasure
Compile a Summary Straw Man Outline
Step 6: Conduct a Workshop of Key Stakeholders and Follow-Up Implementation Planning Meeting
Two-Day Workshop
Half-Day Follow-Up Implementation Planning Meeting
Step 7: Develop a Draft Intersection Safety Implementation Plan
Step 8: Present the Draft Intersection Safety Implementation Plan to Upper Management
Step 9: Finalize the Intersection Safety Implementation Plan
Step 10: Implement the Plan, Monitor Progress, and Evaluate Results
List of Tables
Table 1: Sample Fatalities for State B
Table 2: Sample Fatality Rates for State A
Table 3: Typical Distribution of Fatalities within a State over a 5-Year Period
Table 4: USDOT Fatality and Injury Costs
Table 5: Targeted Crash Types by Traffic Control, Ownership, and Area
Table 6: Typical Rates for Fatalities per 100 Crashes
Table 7: Typical Distribution of Total Crashes at Rural State Stop-Controlled Intersections
Table 8: Typical Distribution of Total Crashes at Rural State Signalized Intersections
Table 9: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections
Table 10: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at J-Turn Stop-Controlled Intersections
Table 11: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at Signalized Intersections
Table 12: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Lighting Countermeasures at Unlit or Poorly Lit Intersections
Table 13: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Skid Resistance Countermeasures at Intersections with High Rates of Low-Friction Crashes
Table 14: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections with High-Speed Approaches
Table 15: Crash Reduction Factors, Default Expected Life, and Estimated Implementation Costs for Corridor and Municipal Enforcement Countermeasures
Table 16: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures for Education-Enforcement Strategies at Signalized Intersections to Reduce Red-Light Running
Table 17: Crash Reduction Factors, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Costs for Traditional Approach Countermeasures
Table 18: Template for Documenting Countermeasure Selection
Table 19: Typical Types of Crashes and Associated Countermeasures
Table 20: Angle Crashes – Signalized Intersections – 5 Years of Data
Table 21: Sample Listing of Crashes per Intersection – State, Rural, Stop-Controlled Intersections – Five Years of Data
Table 22: Summarized Frequency Distribution – State, Rural, Stop-Controlled Intersections - Five Years of Data
Table 23: Example Distribution of Crashes by Intersection – Rural/Urban
Table 24: Example Distribution of Night Crashes in Rural Areas by Intersection
Table 25: Example Distribution of Wet Pavement Crashes by Rural Intersection
Table 26: Sample Matrix for State, Rural, Stop-Controlled Intersections
Table 27: Sample Distribution of Crashes at State Urban Signalized Intersections
Table 28: Sample State Stop-Controlled Intersections – Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements
Table 29: Sample Summary Straw Man
Table 30: Typical Agenda for Intersection Safety Implementation Plan Workshop
List of Figures
Figure 1: Process for Developing an Intersection Safety Implementation Plan
Figure 2: Levels of Information for the Systematic Approach Crash Data Analysis
Figure 3: Examples of Basic Low-Cost Countermeasures for Stop-Controlled Intersections – Double Up Oversize Warning Signs, Double STOP Signs, Traffic Island on Stop Approach (if feasible), Street Name Signs, Stop Bars, and Double Warning Arrow at the Stem of T-Intersections
Figure 4: Turn Restrictions at Multi-Lane Highways
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Safety
1200 New Jersey Ave., SE
Washington, DC 20590
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