U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
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Executive Summary
Background
HSIP Funding Approach
HSIP Project Overview
Project Cost
Functional Class and Ownership
Improvement Categories and Subcategories
SHSP Emphasis Areas
2013-2014 Comparison
Comparison to Previous Years
Summary
References
Appendix A: Full Description of HSIP Improvement Categories and Sub Categories for 2013 HSIP Reporting Guidance
Appendix B: Detailed Tables of Project Costs Summaries
Table 1: Total number of projects and project cost breakdown, 2013-2014
Table 2: Number of projects and average total project cost for various project types, 2013-2014
Table 3: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Geometry
Table 4: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Traffic Control
Table 5: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Pedestrians and Bicyclists.
Table 6: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway
Table 7: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure
Table 8: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway
Table 9: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure
Figure 1: MAP-21 Program Apportionments
Figure 2: Number of Projects by Project Cost
Figure 3. Number of Projects by Functional Class
Figure 4. Average Total Cost of Projects by Functional Class
Figure 5. Number of Projects by Road Ownership
Figure 6. Average Total Cost of Projects by Road Ownership
Figure 7. Number of Projects by Improvement Category
Figure 8. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category
Figure 9: Number of Intersection Geometry Projects by Subcategory
Figure 10: Number of Traffic Control Projects by Subcategory
Figure 11: Number of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Projects by Subcategory
Figure 12: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory
Figure 13: Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory
Figure 14: Number of Projects by AASHTO SHSP Emphasis Area
Figure 15: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory
Figure 16: Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory
Figure 17: Number of Projects by SHSP Emphasis Area
The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose to achieve a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. Under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, Congress authorized approximately $2.4 billion per year for States to achieve this goal through the implementation of highway safety improvement projects, which is nearly double the amount that was authorized under the previous legislative act. The States not only met this challenge, but far exceeded it obligating nearly $3 billion for over 3,200 highway safety improvement projects in 2014.
These highway safety improvement projects come in all shapes and sizes. Some HSIP projects are much bigger in scope than others, while other projects include countermeasure installations across multiple sites. The 2014 HSIP National Summary Report provides an aggregate summary of the type and cost of projects across all States. Highlights of the States' 2014 HSIP implementation efforts are provided below.
While the number and cost of HSIP projects slightly decreased in 2014 from 2013, the number of HSIP projects under MAP-21 (2013-2014) has increased substantially as compared to 2010-2012. Over the past six years, States obligated $12.6 billion for more than 15,000 highway safety improvement projects.
The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the objective to achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads through the implementation of highway safety improvement projects. The HSIP, similar to other Federal-aid programs, is a federally-funded, state administered program. The FHWA establishes the HSIP requirements via 23 CFR 924, and the States develop and administer a program to best meet their needs.
The HSIP requires a data-driven, strategic approach to improving highway safety on all public roads that focuses on performance. To obligate HSIP funds, each State shall:
States are also required to submit a report that describes the progress being made to implement highway safety improvement projects and the effectiveness of those improvements. The HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance outlines the content and schedule for the annual HSIP report. The HSIP report should include, at a minimum, a discussion of each State's:
The HSIP 2014 National Summary Report compiles and summarizes aggregate information related to the States progress in implementing HSIP projects during the 2014 reporting cycle. Progress in implementing HSIP projects is described based on the amount of HSIP funds available and the number and general listing of projects obligated as documented in the 2014 HSIP reports. The HSIP 2014 National Summary Report is not intended to compare states; rather to illustrate how the states are collectively implementing the HSIP to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads across the nation.
A summary of available funding and the number and general listing of projects from prior years is available in the HSIP National Summary Baseline Report: 2009-2012 and HSIP 2013 National Summary Report.
Prior to MAP-21, each apportioned program had its own formula for distribution, and the total amount of Federal assistance a State received was the sum of the amounts it received for each program. MAP-21 instead provides a total apportionment for each State and then divides that apportionment amount among individual apportioned programs.
MAP-21 authorizes a total combined amount ($37.5 billion in FY13 and $37.8 billion in FY14) in contract authority to fund five formula programs (including certain set-asides within the programs described below):
Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of funds across program under MAP-21.
Figure 1 : MAP-21 Program Apportionments
HSIP receives 7% of the States apportionment remaining after allocations to CMAQ and Metropolitan Planning, which amounts to approximately $2.4 billion each year, nearly double the amount apportioned to HSIP under SAFETEA-LU. The following sums are set-aside from the State's HSIP apportionment:
In addition, if the High Risk Rural Roads Special rule applies to a State, then in the next fiscal year the State must obligate an amount at least equal to 200% of its FY 2009 HRRR set-aside for high risk rural roads.
The final HSIP apportionment represents the amount of funding available to States for the advancement of highway safety improvement projects.
States provide project specific information for all projects obligated with HSIP funds during the reporting period in their annual HSIP reports. The reporting period is defined by the State and can be calendar year, state fiscal year or federal fiscal year. For 2014, the States obligated $2.96B for 3,214 total projects. These obligations utilized funds apportioned during the 2014 fiscal year as well as HSIP funds available from previous years' apportionments.
As per the HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance, project specific information includes:
The following sections present various summaries of the nationwide HSIP project obligations for the 2014 reporting cycle. It should be noted that limited analysis of the project information can be done because not all states have included all of the above information for each project in their annual HSIP reports. Full use of the HSIP online reporting tool and compliance with the most recent HSIP reporting guidance will enable more complete and accurate reporting of national HSIP project data. In addition, HSIP projects come in all shapes and sizes. For example, some HSIP projects may be much bigger in scope than others, countermeasure installations across multiple sites, or non-infrastructure projects (i.e. transportation safety planning, data improvements). Nonetheless, the summaries in the following sections provide a broad scale analysis of HSIP spending in 2014.
The cost per HSIP project in 2014 ranged widely. Some projects were small in scope and cost, such as replacing signs on a particular route. Others were higher cost projects, such as widening a highway or reconfiguring an intersection. Figure 2 shows the breakdown by project cost, grouped into general categories with breakpoints at $100,000, $500,000, and $1,000,000.
Figure 2 : Number of Projects by Project Cost
Roughly two-thirds of the projects had costs less than $500K. A small percentage (14 percent) fell into the $500K – $1M category. The remaining 23 percent were high cost projects totaling $1M or more. The top five sub categories selected for these high cost projects are:
In 2013, the breakdown was similar. Sixty-eight percent of projects had costs less than $500K, 12 percent fell into the $500K – $1M category, and the remaining 20 percent were more than $1M.
Figure 3 through Figure 7 illustrate the distribution of projects by the types of roads on which they were conducted. Figure 3 shows number of projects by functional class, following the HPMS classification scheme; Figure 4 shows average total cost of projects by functional class; Figure 5 shows the number and average total cost of projects by urban/rural designation; Figure 6 shows projects by the agency who owns the road; and Figure 7 shows average total cost of projects by the agency who owns the road. If the functional class or road ownership was not indicated, the project is counted under the "unknown" category. Examples of classifications in the "other" category include multiple functional classes, state or citywide implementation, or non-infrastructure projects.
Figure 3. Number of Projects by Functional Class
Most projects were categorized as "Unknown" indicating that the State did not associate a functional class for a particular project. Projects that were associated with a functional class were most often categorized as "Rural Major Collector" or "Urban Principal Arterial – Other". There were 415 projects categorized as "Other" and of those, roughly 295 were categorized as multiple classes or systemic. Roughly another 30 were categorized as "n/a" due to the fact that they were non-infrastructure projects.
Figure 4. Average Total Cost of Projects by Functional Class
Figure 4 shows the average total cost of projects by functional class. It is important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects which had cost information available. Projects categorized as "Urban Principal Arterial – Interstate" had the highest average total cost per project of $2.73 million and projects categorized as "Rural Local Road or Street" had the lowest average total cost per project of $220,000.
Figure 5. Number and Average Total Cost of Projects by Urban/Rural Designation
Figure 5 illustrates the number and average total cost of projects by urban/rural designation. There are fewer total urban projects than rural projects but the average total cost of the urban projects is greater than the average total cost of the rural projects.
Figure 6. Number of Projects by Road Ownership
States implement most projects on roads owned by a "State Highway Agency" or "Unknown" (indicating that the State did not indicate road ownership for a particular project). There were 164 projects categorized as "Other" and of those, roughly 90 were categorized in state-defined ownership categories. No projects were categorized for the following ownerships:
Figure 7. Average Total Cost of Projects by Road Ownership
Figure 7 shows the average total cost of projects by road ownership. It is important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects which had cost information available. Projects categorized as "State Highway Agency" had the highest average total cost per project of $1.07 million and projects categorized as "Other State Agency" had the lowest average total cost per project of $1,000.
Under the HSIP MAP-21 reporting guidance, each project should be assigned a general improvement category and a subcategory under that general category. While a single project may consist of multiple project types, FHWA directs States to assign each project to only one category. The category chosen should align with the primary purpose of the project. Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the distribution of the number of projects by general improvement category. Figure 10 and Figure 11 combined show the distribution of the total cost of projects by general improvement category. Projects categorized as "Unknown" indicate that there was no general improvement category assigned by the State. Figure 12 through Figure 16 show the breakdown of the number of projects by subcategory for five improvement categories: Intersection geometry, Intersection traffic control, Pedestrians and bicyclists, Roadway, and Non-infrastructure. More detailed tables with the cost spent in each subcategory are available in Appendix B. For ease of reporting, similar sub categories were grouped together. For example, in Figure 12 below, "Auxiliary lanes – other" combines adding acceleration lanes, adding auxiliary through lanes, adding two way left turn lanes, and several other related subcategories.
Figure 8. Number of Projects by Improvement Category (Top 11)
Figure 8 shows the number of projects by improvement category (top 11) as classified in the HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance. Based on the project information reported by the States, the top five improvement categories are roadway, intersection traffic control, intersection geometry, roadside, and shoulder treatments. In 2013, the top five improvement categories were the same and the number of projects classified in each were similar.
Figure 9. Number of Projects by Improvement Category (Bottom 11)
Figure 9 shows the number of projects by improvement category (bottom 11) as classified in the HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance. In 2014, there were half as many projects categorized as "Interchange design" as in 2013. Also in 2014, there were 14 projects categorized as "Work zone" compared to just one project in 2013. The ranking of the remaining project categories was similar in both years.
Figure 10. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category (top 11)
Figure 10 shows the average total cost of projects by improvement category (top 11). Again, it is important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects with cost available.
Figure 11. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category (bottom 11)
Based on project information reported by the States, the lowest average HSIP cost projects are in the following categories:
Figure 12: Number of Intersection Geometry Projects by Subcategory
For the Intersection geometry category, most projects were sub categorized as "Intersection geometrics – other/unknown" (136 of 379 projects), "Auxiliary lanes – other" (99 of 379 projects), and "Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane" (92 of 379 projects). Examples of projects in the "Intersection geometrics – other/unknown" subcategory include widen/resurface to construct J turns and general intersection safety improvement projects. The "Intersection geometrics – other/unknown" subcategory was predominately used without any project description, therefore, no other information is available for these projects.
Figure 13: Number of Traffic Control Projects by Subcategory
For the Intersection traffic control category, most projects were subcategorized as "Modify traffic signal" (219 of 505 projects) which includes signal replacement/modernization, addition of new signals, flashing yellow arrow, and vehicle preemption. Examples of projects in the "Intersection traffic control – other/unknown" sub category include projects described as general intersection safety improvement projects. The "Intersection traffic control – other/unknown" subcategory was predominately used without any project description, therefore, no other information is available for these projects.
Figure 14: Number of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Projects by Subcategory
For the Pedestrians and bicyclists category, most projects were subcategorized as "Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist improvements" (44 of 118 projects) and "Install or modify pedestrian signal" (31 of 188 projects). Many of the projects in the "Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist improvements" subcategory are Safe Routes to School activities.
Figure 15: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory
For the Roadway category, most projects were subcategorized as "Rumble strips" (344 of 722 projects) and "Roadway – other/unknown" (201 of 722 projects). Examples of projects in the "Roadway – other/unknown" subcategory were combinations projects such as "repair pavement structure, replace guardrail, and pavement markers" and "sight distance-superelevation-shoulder widening".
Figure 16: Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory
For the Non-infrastructure category, most projects were subcategorized as "Data/traffic records" (38 of 148 projects), "Transportation safety planning" (34 of 148 projects), and "Non-infrastructure – other/unknown" (30 of 148 projects). Projects in the "Non-infrastructure – other/unknown" subcategory are largely undescribed. A few examples include calibrating state specific Highway Safety Manual safety performance functions, development of statewide safety planning tools, and development of HSIP/safety operations manuals.
Based on a review of State SHSPs, FHWA identified the eight SHSP emphasis areas common across most States. These emphasis areas are used in the HSIP online reporting tool for categorizing HSIP projects. Figure 17 presents the number of HSIP projects categorized by SHSP emphasis area. For consistency and national reporting purposes, state-defined SHSP emphasis areas were assigned to these emphasis areas, where possible. Please note that States sometimes categorize a single project by several SHSP Emphasis Areas. Therefore, for the purpose of Figure 17 , a single project may be counted more than once. For example, the State recently completed an intersection improvement project that enhanced safety for pedestrians. This project could be categorized as "Intersections" as well "Pedestrians" and is therefore counted once in each category.
About one-third of the projects were categorized as "Roadway Departure", one-quarter were categorized as "Intersections", and one-quarter categorized as "Unknown/Other". Examples of other categories used by the States include: "Driver Behavior & Awareness", "Educational Efforts", and "Non-Infrastructure".
Figure 17: Number of Projects by SHSP Emphasis Area
Most states prepared their 2013 and 2014 HSIP reports in accordance with the MAP-21 HSIP Reporting Guidance; therefore FHWA can make a direct comparison of information related to the 2013 and 2014 highway safety improvement projects. As can be seen in Table 1 below, the total number of projects and cost of projects did not change much from 2013 to 2014. The breakdown in project costs for various breakpoints was also similar.
Table 1. Total number of projects and project cost breakdown, 2013-2014
| Year | 2013 | Percentage | 2014 | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of projects | 3292 | 3266 | ||
| Num. of projects (with cost info.)* | 3253 | 3257 | ||
| Cost of projects | $3.09B | $2.99B | ||
| Average cost per project | $950,840 | $921,072 | ||
| Number of projects < $100K | 1176 | 37% | 1018 | 31% |
| Number of projects $100K – $499K | 985 | 31% | 1037 | 32% |
| Number of projects $500K-$1M | 401 | 13% | 443 | 14% |
| Number of projects $1M+ | 631 | 20% | 731 | 23% |
Table 2 shows the comparison between 2013 and 2014 of the number of projects and average total cost of projects for various project types highlighted in this report. Overall, number and cost of projects has remained roughly the same.
Table 2. Number of projects and average total project cost for various project types, 2013-2014
| Project Type | Num Projects 2013 | Avg Cost 2013 | Num Projects 2014 | Avg Cost 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban projects | 826 | $1.4M | 912 | $1.3M |
| Rural projects | 1244 | $896K | 1325 | $686K |
| Roadway projects | 854 | $635K | 722 | $935K |
| Intersection traffic control projects | 420 | $667K | 505 | $677K |
| Intersection geometry projects | 376 | $1.2M | 379 | $972K |
| Ped/bike projects | 103 | $528K | 118 | $485K |
| Non-infrastructure projects | 109 | $444K | 148 | $563K |
Table 3: Total Number and Cost of Projects by Year
| Year | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Projects | 1684 | 2386 | 2523 | 2429 | 3292 | 3266 | 15580 |
| Number of Projects (with cost info.)* | 1609 | 2348 | 2449 | 2374 | 3253 | 3257 | 15290 |
| Cost of projects | $1.61B | $1.46B | $1.78B | $1.65B | $3.09B | $2.99B | $12.6B |
| Avg. Cost Per Project | $1.00M | $620,684 | $725,550 | $695,721 | $950,840 | $921,072 | $823,593 |
The HSIP is a strategic program that uses data and analysis to target safety resources. This HSIP 2014 National Summary Report shows that in 2014, States directed HSIP funds to address the predominant infrastructure – related crash types – roadway departure, intersection and pedestrian crashes. This is similar to the 2009-2012 HSIP National Summary Baseline Report and the HSIP 2013 National Summary Report. The number and cost of HSIP projects slightly decreased in 2014 from 2013. However, overall, the number of HSIP projects has increased from approximately 2,300 projects per year (2010-2012) to 3,200 projects per year in 2013 and 2014. In addition, HSIP project obligations slightly decreased from approximately $3.09B in 2013 to $2.99B in 2014.
FHWA, MAP-21 Apportionment Fact Sheet
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/apportionment.cfm
FHWA, HSIP Apportionment Notices
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/notices/
FHWA, HSIP MAP-21 Fact Sheet
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/hsip.cfm
FHWA, HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance, February 13, 2013
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/guidance/guidehsipreport.cfm
FHWA, HSIP Online Reporting Tool
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/resources/onrpttool/
FHWA, HSIP National Summary Baseline Report 2009-2012
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/nsbrpt_2009_2012.cfm
FHWA, HSIP 2013 National Summary Report
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/nsbrpt2013.cfm
2014 State HSIP Reports
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/
| Category | Sub-category |
|---|---|
| Access management | Access management – other |
| Change in access – close or restrict existing access | |
| Change in access – miscellaneous/unspecified | |
| Grassed median – extend existing | |
| Median crossover – close crossover | |
| Median crossover – directional crossover | |
| Median crossover – relocate existing | |
| Median crossover – unspecified | |
| Raised island – install new | |
| Raised island – modify existing | |
| Raised island – remove existing | |
| Raised island – unspecified | |
| Advanced technology and ITS | Advanced technology and ITS – other |
| Congestion detection / traffic monitoring system | |
| Dynamic message signs | |
| Over height vehicle detection | |
| Alignment | Alignment – other |
| Horizontal curve realignment | |
| Horizontal and vertical alignment | |
| Vertical alignment or elevation change | |
| Animal-related | Animal related |
| Interchange design | Acceleration / deceleration / merge lane |
| Convert at-grade intersection to interchange | |
| Extend existing lane on ramp | |
| Improve intersection radius at ramp terminus | |
| Installation of new lane on ramp | |
| Interchange design – other | |
| Ramp closure | |
| Ramp metering | |
| Intersectiongeometry | Auxiliary lanes – add acceleration lane |
| Auxiliary lanes – add auxiliary through lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane (free-flow) | |
| Auxiliary lanes – add slip lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – add two-way left-turn lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – extend acceleration/deceleration lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – extend existing left-turn lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – extend existing right-turn lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify acceleration lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify auxiliary through lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify free-flow turn lane | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify left-turn lane offset | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify right-turn lane offset | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify turn lane storage | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify turn lane taper | |
| Auxiliary lanes – modify two-way left-turn lane | |
| Intersection geometrics – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
| Intersection geometrics – modify intersection corner radius | |
| Intersection geometrics – modify skew angle | |
| Intersection geometrics – realignment to align offset cross streets | |
| Intersection geometrics – realignment to increase cross street offset | |
| Intersection geometrics – re-assign existing lane use | |
| Intersection geometry – other | |
| Splitter island – install on one or more approaches | |
| Splitter island – remove from one or more approaches | |
| Splitter island – unspecified | |
| Through lanes – add additional through lane | |
| Intersection traffic control | Intersection flashers – add "when flashing" warning sign-mounted |
| Intersection flashers – add advance emergency vehicle warning sign-mounted | |
| Intersection flashers – add advance heavy vehicle warning sign-mounted | |
| Intersection flashers – add advance intersection warning sign-mounted | |
| Intersection flashers – add miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
| Intersection flashers – add overhead (actuated) | |
| Intersection flashers – add overhead (continuous) | |
| Intersection flashers – add stop sign-mounted | |
| Intersection flashers – modify existing | |
| Intersection flashers – remove existing | |
| Intersection signing – add basic advance warning | |
| Intersection signing – add enhanced advance warning (double-up and/or oversize) | |
| Intersection signing – add enhanced regulatory sign (double-up and/or oversize) | |
| Intersection signing – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
| Intersection signing – relocate existing regulatory sign | |
| Intersection traffic control – other | |
| Modify control – all-way stop to roundabout | |
| Modify control – modifications to roundabout | |
| Modify control – no control to roundabout | |
| Modify control – no control to two-way stop | |
| Modify control – remove right-turn yield | |
| Modify control – reverse priority of stop condition | |
| Modify control – traffic signal to roundabout | |
| Modify control – two-way stop to all-way stop | |
| Modify control – two-way stop to roundabout | |
| Modify control – two-way yield to two-way stop | |
| Pavement Markings – add advance signal ahead | |
| Pavement markings – add advance stop ahead | |
| Pavement markings – add dashed edge line along mainline | |
| Pavement markings – add lane use symbols | |
| Pavement markings – add stop line | |
| Pavement markings – add yield line | |
| Pavement markings – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
| Pavement markings – refresh existing pavement markings | |
| Modify traffic signal – add additional signal heads | |
| Modify traffic signal – add backplates | |
| Modify traffic signal – add backplates with retroreflective borders | |
| Modify traffic signal – add closed loop system | |
| Modify traffic signal – add emergency vehicle preemption | |
| Modify traffic signal – add flashing yellow arrow | |
| Modify traffic signal – add long vehicle detection | |
| Modify traffic signal – add railroad preemption | |
| Modify traffic signal – add wireless system | |
| Modify traffic signal – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
| Modify traffic signal – modernization/replacement | |
| Modify traffic signal – modify signal mounting (spanwire to mast arm) | |
| Modify traffic signal – remove existing signal | |
| Modify traffic signal – replace existing indications (incandescent-to-LED and/or 8-to-12 inch dia.) | |
| Modify traffic signal timing – left-turn phasing (permissive to protected/permissive) | |
| Modify traffic signal timing – left-turn phasing (permissive to protected-only) | |
| Modify traffic signal timing – adjust clearance interval (yellow change and/or all-red) | |
| Modify traffic signal timing – general retiming | |
| Modify traffic signal timing – signal coordination | |
| Systemic improvements – signal-controlled | |
| Systemic improvements – stop-controlled | |
| Lighting | Continuous roadway lighting |
| Intersection lighting | |
| Lighting – other | |
| Site lighting – horizontal curve | |
| Site lighting – intersection | |
| Site lighting – interchange | |
| Site lighting – pedestrian crosswalk | |
| Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous |
| Non-infrastructure | Educational efforts |
| Enforcement | |
| Data/traffic records | |
| Non-infrastructure – other | |
| Outreach | |
| Road safety audits | |
| Training and workforce development | |
| Transportation safety planning | |
| Parking | Modify parking |
| Parking – other | |
| Remove parking | |
| Restrict parking | |
| Truck parking facilities | |
| Pedestrians and bicyclists | Crosswalk |
| Install new "smart" crosswalk | |
| Install new crosswalk | |
| Install sidewalk | |
| Medians and pedestrian refuge areas | |
| Miscellaneous pedestrians and bicyclists | |
| Modify existing crosswalk | |
| Pedestrian beacons | |
| Pedestrian bridge | |
| Pedestrian signal | |
| Pedestrian signal – audible device | |
| Pedestrian signal – Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon | |
| Pedestrian signal – install new at intersection | |
| Pedestrian signal – install new at non-intersection location | |
| Pedestrian signal – modify existing | |
| Pedestrian signal – remove existing | |
| Pedestrian warning signs – add/modify flashers | |
| Pedestrian warning signs – overhead | |
| Railroad grade crossings | Grade separation |
| Model enforcement activity | |
| Protective devices | |
| Railroad grade crossing gates | |
| Railroad grade crossing signing | |
| Railroad grade crossings – other | |
| Surface treatment | |
| Upgrade railroad crossing signal | |
| Widen crossing for additional lane | |
| Roadside | Barrier end treatments (crash cushions, terminals) |
| Barrier transitions | |
| Barrier – cable | |
| Barrier – concrete | |
| Barrier – metal | |
| Barrier – other | |
| Barrier – removal | |
| Curb or curb and gutter | |
| Drainage improvements | |
| Fencing | |
| Removal of roadside objects (trees, poles, etc.) | |
| Roadside grading | |
| Roadside – other | |
| Roadway | Install / remove / modify passing zone |
| Pavement surface – high friction surface | |
| Pavement surface – miscellaneous | |
| Roadway narrowing (road diet, roadway reconfiguration) | |
| Roadway – other | |
| Roadway – restripe to revise separation between opposing lanes and/or shoulder widths | |
| Roadway widening – add lane(s) along segment | |
| Roadway widening – curve | |
| Roadway widening – travel lanes | |
| Rumble strips – center | |
| Rumble strips – edge or shoulder | |
| Rumble strips – transverse | |
| Rumble strips – unspecified or other | |
| Superelevation / cross slope | |
| Roadway delineation | Improve retroreflectivity |
| Longitudinal pavement markings – new | |
| Longitudinal pavement markings – remarking | |
| Delineators post-mounted or on barrier | |
| Raised pavement markers | |
| Roadway delineation – other | |
| Roadway signs and traffic control | Curve-related warning signs and flashers |
| Sign sheeting – upgrade or replacement | |
| Roadway signs and traffic control – other | |
| Roadway signs (including post) – new or updated | |
| Shoulder treatments | Widen shoulder – paved or other |
| Pave existing shoulders | |
| Shoulder grading | |
| Shoulder treatments – other | |
| Speed management | Modify speed limit |
| Radar speed signs | |
| Speed detection system / truck warning | |
| Speed management – other | |
| Traffic calming feature | |
| Work Zone | Work zone |
Table 4: Number and Cost of 2014 Projects by Improvement Category
| Improvement Category | Number of Projects | Total Cost of Projects* | Average Total Cost* | Total HSIP Cost of Projects* | Average HSIP Cost* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Access management | 44 | $32,141,704.64 | $730,493.29 | $15,956,142.85 | $469,298.32 |
| Advanced technology and ITS | 32 | $97,248,822.63 | $3,039,025.71 | $21,541,018.47 | $742,793.74 |
| Alignment | 59 | $60,497,797.52 | $1,025,386.40 | $40,080,788.75 | $703,171.73 |
| Animal-related | 3 | $4,734,751.00 | $1,578,250.33 | $3,657,000.00 | $1,219,000.00 |
| Interchange design | 40 | $224,660,024.70 | $5,616,500.62 | $39,537,728.17 | $1,129,649.38 |
| Intersection geometry | 379 | $368,313,376.72 | $971,803.10 | $244,373,603.90 | $655,157.12 |
| Intersection traffic control | 505 | $339,054,528.95 | $676,755.55 | $254,780,379.68 | $516,795.90 |
| Lighting | 40 | $48,448,386.46 | $1,211,209.66 | $25,203,935.82 | $630,098.40 |
| Miscellaneous | 74 | $52,228,356.64 | $705,788.60 | $43,862,898.71 | $609,206.93 |
| Multiple | 2 | $2,349,200.00 | $1,174,600.00 | ||
| Non-infrastructure | 148 | $83,350,652.89 | $563,180.09 | $74,068,505.79 | $510,817.28 |
| Parking | 2 | $1,017,607.00 | $508,803.50 | $925,456.00 | $462,728.00 |
| Pedestrians and bicyclists | 118 | $57,247,653.74 | $485,149.61 | $47,472,978.18 | $402,313.37 |
| Railroad grade crossings | 13 | $5,869,460.99 | $451,497.00 | $4,952,235.72 | $380,941.21 |
| Roadside | 303 | $231,469,904.15 | $763,927.08 | $190,975,246.19 | $647,373.72 |
| Roadway | 722 | $672,907,191.64 | $934,593.32 | $359,546,430.98 | $502,862.14 |
| Roadway delineation | 160 | $117,859,258.55 | $736,620.37 | $87,687,250.88 | $548,045.32 |
| Roadway signs and traffic control | 185 | $58,007,161.69 | $318,720.67 | $56,629,838.53 | $307,770.86 |
| Shoulder treatments | 193 | $377,927,662.76 | $1,958,174.42 | $213,551,495.45 | $1,106,484.43 |
| Speed management | 3 | $208,139.00 | $69,379.67 | $193,139.00 | $64,379.67 |
| Work Zone | 14 | $3,360,560.30 | $240,040.02 | $2,928,060.04 | $209,147.15 |
| Unknown | 227 | $161,027,919.77 | $709,374.10 | $28,641,673.00 | $201,701.92 |
| Total | 3266 | $2,999,930,121.74 | $921,071.58 | $1,756,565,806.11 | $563,001.86 |
* Not all states provided cost data for all projects in a given improvement category.
Table 5: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Geometry
| Subcategory | Number of Projects | Total Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane | 92 | $98,150,952 |
| Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane | 19 | $19,872,036 |
| Auxiliary lanes – other | 99 | $76,545,136 |
| Intersection geometrics – modify skew angle | 20 | $10,303,433 |
| Intersection geometrics – other/unknown | 136 | $153,260,723 |
| Intersection geometrics – realignment to improve offset | 13 | $10,181,097 |
| Total | 379. | $368,313,377 |
Table 6: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Traffic Control
| Subcategory | Number of Projects | Total Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Intersection flashers and signing | 65 | $9,448,113 |
| Intersection traffic control – other/unknown | 117 | $57,210,865 |
| Modify control to roundabout | 70 | $95,532,287 |
| Modify traffic signal | 219 | $152,114,801 |
| Modify traffic signal timing or phasing | 27 | $22,653,219 |
| Pavement markings | 7 | $2,095,244 |
| Total | 505 | $339,054,529 |
Table 7: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Pedestrians and Bicyclists
| Subcategory | Number of Projects | Total Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Install or modify crosswalk | 23 | $11,820,499 |
| Install or modify pedestrian signal | 31 | $13,852,377 |
| Install sidewalk | 20 | $9,097,960 |
| Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist improvements | 44 | $22,476,818 |
| Total | 118 | $57,247,654 |
Table 8: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway
| Subcategory | Number of Projects | Total Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Pavement surface | 112 |
$122,611,934 |
| Roadway – other/unknown | 201 |
$178,355,380 |
| Roadway narrowing (road diet, roadway reconfiguration) | 9 |
$5,429,806 |
| Roadway widening | 38 |
$160,398,356 |
| Rumble strips | 344 |
$200,617,348 |
| Superelevation / cross slope | 18 | $5,494,367 |
| Total | 722 | $672,907,192 |
Table 9: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure
| Subcategory | Number of Projects | Total Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Data/traffic records | 38 | $8,918,041 |
| Educational efforts/outreach | 21 | $12,449,466 |
| Enforcement | 8 | $8,855,806 |
| Non-infrastructure – other/unknown | 30 | $15,477,797 |
| Road safety audits | 15 | $2,299,779 |
| Training and workforce development | 2 | $848,098 |
| Transportation safety planning | 34 | $34,501,667 |
| Total | 48 | $83,350,653 |
