Roadway Function and
Environment |
- Actual, Expected, and Desired Primary Function (Access, Mobility, or a Combination of the Two)
- Community Objectives or Goals for the Roadway
- Available Right-of-Way
- Current and Expected Adjacent Land Use
- Jurisdictional Plan or Policy for Conversions
- Jurisdictional Context Sensitive or Complete Street Policy
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- What is the primary current, expected, and desired function of the roadway?
- Is the roadway primarily a collector or minor arterial roadway?
- Does the current roadway primarily operate as a "de facto" three-lane cross section?
- Is the goal for the roadway improvement increased safety with somewhat lower mobility?
- Is the right-of-way limited?
- Will the adjacent land use remain relatively stable throughout the design period?
- Will the proposed cross section match the desired function of the roadway?
- Will the answers to the above questions remain the same throughout the design period of the project?
- Does the jurisdiction have a plan or policy related to these types of conversions?
- Does the jurisdiction have a context sensitive or Complete Streets policy that may apply?
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| Crash Types and Patterns |
- Type of Crashes
- Location of Crashes
- Number and Location of Pedestrians and
Bicyclists
- Parallel Parking Needs
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- Can the crashes that are occurring be reduced with a conversion?
- Will a reduction in speed and speed variability increase safety?
- Are there safety concerns related to parallel parking maneuvers?
- Do pedestrians and bicyclists have safety concerns?
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| Pedestrian and Bike
Activity |
- Number and Location of Pedestrians
- Number and Location of Bicyclist Use
- Characteristics of Pedestrians and Bicyclists (e.g., Age)
- Bicycle and Pedestrian Friendliness of Roadway
- Cross-section Width
- Parallel Parking Need
- Bus Stop Locations
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- What is the pedestrian and bicyclist friendliness of the roadway?
- Do pedestrians and bicyclists have safety concerns?
- Will the addition of a TWLTL assist pedestrians and bicyclists?
- How will pedestrians and bicyclists interact with parallel parking?
- Can a bike lane be added after the conversion?
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| Overall Traffic Volume and
Level of Service |
- Total Daily Volume
- Peak-Hour Volume (Morning/Noon/Evening)
- Directional Split
- Intersection and Arterial Level of Service
- Side Street and Driveway Vehicle Delay
- Volume of Frequent-Stop or Slow-MovingVehicles
- Vehicle Classification
- Signal Timing or Phasing
- Arterial Travel Speeds and Vehicle Delays
- Existence of Turn Lanes
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- What is an acceptable increase in minor street or signal- related delay due to the conversion?
- Is a decrease in arterial travel speed of 5 mph or less acceptable?
- What is an acceptable reduction in intersection level of service?
- What level of daily traffic volume and peak hour exists or is expected in the design year?
- Does the signal timing or phasing need to be changed?
- Does the current roadway primarily operate as a "de facto" three-lane cross section?
- What is the potential impact during off-peak hours?
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| Turning Volumes and
Patterns |
- Number and Location of Turn Volumes and
Access Points
- Peak Time Period of Turn Volumes
- Existence of Left-Turn and Right-Turn Lanes
- Design of Access Points and Intersections
- Turn Volume of Frequent-Stop or Slow- Moving Vehicles
- Minor Street and Access Point Vehicle Delay
- Signal Timing or Phasing
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- Does the signal timing or phasing need to be changed or optimized?
- How important is it that right-turning vehicles quickly enter or exit the roadway?
- Do the access point and intersections need to be redesigned (e.g., radii, approach slopes, location)?
- Are right-turn lanes needed at particular locations?
- Does the proposed marking allow the design vehicle (e.g., tractor-trailer) to turn properly?
- What is an acceptable increase in minor street vehicle delay and left-turning vehicle delay?
- Does the current roadway primarily operate as a "de facto" three-lane cross section?
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Frequent-Stop and/or
Slow-Moving Vehicles |
- Volume, Location, and Time of Frequent-Stop and/or Slow-Moving Vehicles
- Type, Design (Length, Width, Turning Radius, etc.) and Speed of Vehicles
- Arterial Travel Speeds and Vehicle Delays
- Level of Enforcement for Proper TWLTL Use (i.e., No Passing Allowed)
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- What is the acceptable delay with respect to frequent- stop and/or slow-moving vehicles?
- Can these vehicles turn properly at the access points and intersections?
- Can passing prohibitions be feasibly enforced?
- Are there locations for pull-outs for these vehicles?
- Can some or all of the stop locations for the frequent-stop vehicles be combined?
- What are the potential peak and off-peak impacts?
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Weaving, Speed, and
Queues |
- Signal Timing or Phasing
- Number of Existing Lane Changes
- Turn Volume and Location
- Arterial Travel Speeds and Vehicle Delays
- Level of Enforcement for Proper TWLTL Use (i.e., No Passing Allowed)
- Number and Location of Turn Volumes and Access Points
- Peak Time Period of Turn Volumes
- Existence of Left-Turn and Right-Turn Lanes
- Design of Access Points and Intersections
- Turn Volume of Frequent-Stop or Slow- Moving Vehicles
- Minor Street and Access Point Vehicle Delay
- Queue Length
- Number of Speeders
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- Does the signal timing or phasing need to be changed or optimized?
- How important is it that right-turning vehicles quickly enter or exit the roadway?
- Do the access point and intersections need to be redesigned (e.g., radii, approach slopes, location)?
- Are right-turn lanes needed at particular locations?
- What is an acceptable increase in minor street and left- turning vehicle delay?
- Is a decrease in arterial travel speed of 5 miles per hour or less acceptable?
- What is an acceptable change in queues?
- Are there safety concerns related to weaving?
- Can no passing be enforced?
- Can drivers be educated about proper use of TWLTL?
- Is a reduction in speeders and speed variability preferred?
- Can all the old markings be completely removed?
- Does the current roadway primarily operate as a "de facto" three-lane cross section?
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| Right-of-Way Availability, Cost, and Acquisition Impacts |
- Available Right-of-Way
- Cost of Right-of-Way
- Existence of Left-Turn and Right-Turn Lanes
- Design of Access Points and Intersections
- Number of Properties Needed and Environmental Impacts (e.g., Tree Removal)
- Cross Section Width
- Parallel Parking Needs
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- Is the right-of-way limited?
- Will the cost of right-of-way acquisition be significant?
- Do the access point and intersections need to be redesigned (e.g., radii, approach slopes, location)?
- Are right-turn lanes needed at particular locations?
- What is necessary in the cross section (e.g., bike lane, parallel parking, etc.)?
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| General Characteristics |
| Parallel Roadways |
- Roadway Network Layout
- Volume and Characteristics of Through Vehicles Diverted
- Impact of Diversion on Parallel Roadways
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- Is a decrease in arterial travel speed of 5 miles per hour or less acceptable?
- Does the signal timing or phasing need to change or be optimized?
- Will conversion divert through vehicles to parallel roadways?
- Is it possible to avoid or reroute the diverted traffic?
- What is the impact on the parallel roadway environment?
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Offset Minor Street
Intersections |
- Volume and Time of Left Turns
- Queue Lengths
- Distance between Minor Street Approaches
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- Do left turns occur into both minor street and access point approaches at a similar time?
- Are the left-turn volumes significant?
- Will the left-turn volumes produce queues in the through lanes of a three-lane roadway?
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| Parallel Parking |
- Parallel Parking Needs
- Number of Parking Maneuvers
- Operational and Safety Impacts of Parallel Parking
- Design of Existing or Proposed Parallel Parking
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- Does parallel parking exist?
- How many parking maneuvers occur during peak travel times?
- What are the safety and delay concerns related to parallel parking maneuvers?
- Is it possible to design these spaces for easy entry or exit (i.e., to minimize delay)?
- Will it be necessary to reduce the number of parking spaces?
- Does parallel parking reduce the ability of vehicles to turn in and out of minor streets and access points?
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| Corner Radii |
- Design of Access Points and Intersections
- Number and Location of Turn Volumes and Access Points
- Peak Time Period of Turn Volumes
- Existence of Left-Turn and Right-Turn Lanes
- Turn Volume of Frequent-Stop or Slow- Moving Vehicles
- Minor Street and Access Point Vehicle Delay
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- How important is it that right-turning vehicles quickly enter or exit the roadway?
- Do the access points and intersections need to be redesigned (e.g., radii, approach slopes, location)?
- Are right-turn lanes needed at particular locations?
- Does the proposed marking allow the design vehicle (e.g., tractor-trailer) to turn properly?
- Do parallel parking spaces need to be removed to allow proper turning?
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At-Grade Railroad
Crossing |
- Volume, Location, and Time of Train Crossing
- Length of Crossing Train
- Delay Impacts of Train Crossing
- Queue Impacts of Train Crossing
- Total Daily Vehicle Volume
- Peak-Hour Vehicle Volume (Morning/Noon/ Evening)
- Directional Split of Vehicles
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- Do trains cross during peak travel periods?
- What is the typical delay from a train crossing?
- Is double the current queue length (with four-lane undivided cross section) at a railroad at-grade crossing acceptable?
- Is there a nearby parallel at-grade intersection where impacts may need to be mitigated?
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