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1. Report No. FHWA-SA-11-21 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient’s Catalog No. |
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4. Title and Subtitle State Practices to Reduce Wet Weather Skidding Crashes |
5. Report Date May 2011 |
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6. Performing Organization Code | ||||||
7. Author(s) Colleen McGovern, Peter Rusch, David A. Noyce |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
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9. Performing Organization Name and Address Cambridge Systematics, Inc. |
10. Work Unit No. |
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11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH6-05-D-00026-T-10003 |
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12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address U.S. Department of Transportation |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code |
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15. Supplementary Notes The Contract Manager for this report was Guan Xu (Office of Safety Technologies). Additional technical oversight provided by: Joseph Cheung (Office of Safety), Richard Knoblauch (Office of Research, Development, and Technology), Roya Amjadi (Office of Safety Research and Development), Mike Moravec (Office of Pavement Technology), Craig Allred (Resource Center). |
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16. Abstract This report provides guidance to states for implementing a program focused on reducing wet weather skidding crashes and identifies the four common components of existing state programs. These components include identification of wet pavement crashes, friction testing procedures, investigation and remedial action of wet pavement crash locations, and project/program evaluations. The report identifies existing guidance from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) related to each of the four components. It also provides detailed case studies on existing state programs in California, Florida, Michigan, New York, and Virginia, all of which have shown success in reducing wet weather skidding crashes. The report concludes with a comparison of the five state programs and identifies common procedures for each of the four program components. This report provides states with valuable information to launch a wet weather crash reduction program or to improve an existing program. |
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17. Key Words Wet weather crash reduction program, pavement friction, pavement friction treatments |
18. Distribution Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. |
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19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. Unclassified |
21. No of Pages 42 |
22. Price N/A |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed pages authorized
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SYMBOL | WHEN YOU KNOW | MULTIPLY BY | TO FIND | SYMBOL |
LENGTH | ||||
in | inches | 25.4 | millimeters | mm |
ft | feet | 0.305 | meters | m |
yd | yards | 0.914 | meters | m |
mi | miles | 1.61 | kilometers | km |
AREA | ||||
in2 | square inches | 645.2 | square millimeters | mm2 |
ft2 | square feet | 0.093 | square meters | m2 |
yd2 | square yard | 0.836 | square meters | m2 |
ac | acres | 0.405 | hectares | ha |
mi2 | square miles | 2.59 | square kilometers | km2 |
VOLUME | ||||
fl oz | fluid ounces | 29.57 | milliliters | mL |
gal | gallons | 3.785 | liters | L |
ft3 | cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 |
yd3 | cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 |
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 | ||||
MASS | ||||
oz | ounces | 28.35 | grams | g |
lb | pounds | 0.454 | kilograms | kg |
T | short tons (2000 lb) | 0.907 | megagrams (or "metric ton") | Mg (or"t") |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
oF | Fahrenheit | 5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8 | Celsius | oC |
ILLUMINATION | ||||
fc | foot-candles | 10.76 | lux | lx |
fl | foot-Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
lbf | poundforce | 4.45 | newtons | N |
lbf/in2 | poundforce per square inch | 6.89 | kilopascals | kPa |
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SYMBOL | WHEN YOU KNOW | MULTIPLY BY | TO FIND | SYMBOL |
LENGTH | ||||
mm | millimeters | 0.039 | inches | in |
m | meters | 3.28 | feet | ft |
m | meters | 1.09 | yards | yd |
km | kilometers | 0.621 |
miles | mi |
AREA | ||||
mm2 | square millimeters | 0.0016 |
square inches | in2 |
m2 | square meters | 10.764 | square feet | ft2 |
m2 | square meters | 1.195 |
square yards | yd2 |
ha | hectares | 2.47 |
acres | ac |
km2 | square kilometers | 0.386 |
square miles | mi2 |
VOLUME | ||||
mL | milliliters | 0.034 | fluid ounces | fl oz |
L | liters | 0.264 | gallons | gal |
m3 | cubic meters | 35.314 | cubic feet | ft3 |
m3 | cubic meters | 1.307 | cubic yards | yd3 |
MASS | ||||
g | grams | 0.035 | ounces | oz |
kg< | kilograms | 2.202 | pounds | lb |
Mg(or "t") | megagrams (or "metric ton") | 1.103 | short tons (2000 lb) | T |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
oC | Celsius | 1.8C+32 | Fahrenheit | oF |
ILLUMINATION | ||||
lx | lux | 0.0929 | foot-candles | fc |
cd/m2 | candela/m2 | 0.2919 | foot-Lamberts | fl |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
N | newtons | 0.225 | poundforce | lbf |
kPa | kilopascals | 0.145 | poundforce per square inch | lbf/in2 |
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