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FHWA-SA-17-031
December 2016
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| 1. Report No. FHWA-SA-17-031 |
2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient's Catalog No. | |
| 4. Title and Subtitle Roadway Visibility Research Needs Assessment |
5. Report Date December 2016 |
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| 6. Performing Organization Code |
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| 7. Author(s) Travis Terry, Brad Brimley, Ronald Gibbons, and Paul J. Carlson |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
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| 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Texas A&M Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Virginia Tech Transportation Institute 3500 Transportation Research Plaza Blacksburg, Virginia 24060 Leidos, Inc. 11251 Roger Bacon Drive Reston, VA 20190 |
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) | ||
| 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-10-D-00024 |
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| 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety Research and Development 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101 Office of Safety 1200 New Jersey Ave SE Washington, DC 20590 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report |
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| 14. Sponsoring Agency Code HRDS and HSA |
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| 15. Supplementary Notes |
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| 16. Abstract This report focuses on a review of issues related to nighttime visibility and assessment of how the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety's three safety program areas—roadway departure safety, intersection safety, and pedestrian and bicycle safety—address concerns for nighttime visibility, as well as a review of fatality data and a gap analysis for research needs. In addition to the assessment of the three program areas, this report summarizes a survey of practices and policies of highway design, traffic engineering, and highway safety that are based on daytime conditions and may neglect issues and concerns that arise from nighttime conditions. |
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| 17. Key Words Visibility, roadway departure, intersection, pedestrian and bicycle, nighttime visibility. |
18. Distribution Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Alexandria, Virginia 22312 |
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| 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No. of Pages 104 |
22. Price N/A |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized.
| Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LENGTH | ||||
| in | inches | 25.4 | millimeters | mm |
| ft | feet | 0.305 | meters | m |
| yd | yards | 0.914 | meters | m |
| mi | miles | 1.61 | kilometers | km |
| AREA | ||||
| in2 | square inches | 645.2 | square millimeters | mm2 |
| ft2 | square feet | 0.093 | square meters | m2 |
| yd2 | square yard | 0.836 | square meters | m2 |
| ac | acres | 0.405 | hectares | ha |
| mi2 | square miles | 2.59 | square kilometers | km2 |
| VOLUME | ||||
| fl oz | fluid ounces | 29.57 | milliliters | mL |
| gal | gallons | 3.785 | liters | L |
| ft3 | cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 |
| yd3 | cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 |
| NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 | ||||
| MASS | ||||
| oz | ounces | 28.35 | grams | g |
| lb | pounds | 0.454 | kilograms | kg |
| T | short tons (2000 lb) | 0.907 | megagrams (or "metric ton") | Mg (or "t") |
| TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
| °F | Fahrenheit | 5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8 | Celsius | °C |
| ILLUMINATION | ||||
| fc | foot-candles | 10.76 | lux | lx |
| fl | foot-Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
| lbf | poundforce | 4.45 | newtons | N |
| lbf/in2 | poundforce per square inch | 6.89 | kilopascals | kPa |
| Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LENGTH | ||||
| mm | millimeters | 0.039 | inches | in |
| m | meters | 3.28 | feet | ft |
| m | meters | 1.09 | yards | yd |
| km | kilometers | 0.621 | miles | mi |
| AREA | ||||
| mm2 | square millimeters | 0.0016 | square inches | in2 |
| m2 | square meters | 10.764 | square feet | ft2 |
| m2 | square meters | 1.195 | square yards | yd2 |
| ha | hectares | 2.47 | acres | ac |
| km2 | square kilometers | 0.386 | square miles | mi2 |
| VOLUME | ||||
| mL | milliliters | 0.034 | fluid ounces | fl oz |
| L | liters | 0.264 | gallons | gal |
| m3 | cubic meters | 35.314 | cubic feet | ft3 |
| m3 | cubic meters | 1.307 | cubic yards | yd3 |
| MASS | ||||
| g | grams | 0.035 | ounces | oz |
| kg | kilograms | 2.202 | pounds | lb |
| Mg (or "t") | megagrams (or "metric ton") | 1.103 | short tons (2000 lb) | T |
| TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
| °C | Celsius | 1.8C+32 | Fahrenheit | °F |
| ILLUMINATION | ||||
| lx | lux | 0.0929 | foot-candles | fc |
| cd/m2 | candela/m2 | 0.2919 | foot-Lamberts | fl |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
| N | newtons | 0.225 | poundforce | lbf |
| kPa | kilopascals | 0.145 | poundforce per square inch | lbf/in2 |
*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380. (Revised March 2003)
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